摘要
镉常伴生于锌矿、铅锌矿和铜铅锌矿石中,约95%的镉作为铅锌冶炼过程中的副产品被回收,其中冶炼烟灰是镉回收的主要原料之一。本文以铅冶炼烟尘为对象,研究了其硫酸浸出液中镉的电解沉积行为,主要考察了电流密度、温度以及镉离子的浓度对电流效率、单位电耗、阴极镉纯度及形貌的影响规律。结果表明:在电流密度150 A/m^(2)、温度30℃、浸出液中镉浓度40 g/L的条件下,电沉积4 h的电流效率可达96.14%,单位电耗为1.769 kW·h/kg,阴极镉的纯度可达到97.75%。升高温度、增大电流密度、镉离子的消耗都在不同程度上降低了电流效率并增加了单位电耗。电极反应动力学表明,镉离子在阴极区的还原过程受离子扩散控制。
Cadmium is commonly associated with zinc,lead-zinc and copper-lead-zinc ores.Thus,approximately 95%of cadmium is recycled as a byproduct in the lead and zinc smelting process,among which smelting dust is one of the main raw materials for cadmium recovery.In this paper,the electrolytic deposition behavior of cadmium in a sulfuric acid leach solution of lead smelting soot was investigated,mainly the influence laws of current density,temperature and the concentration of Cd^(2+) on the current efficiency,specific power consumption,purity and morphology of cathode cadmium.The results show that the current efficiency of electrodeposition for 4 h can reach 96.14%with a specific power consumption of 1.769 kW·h/kg and a cadmium purity of 97.75%at a current density of 150 A/m^(2),a temperature of 30℃and a cadmium concentration in the immersion liquid of 40 g/L.The increase in temperature and current density and the consumption of Cd^(2+) reduce the current efficiency and increase the unit power consumption,respectively.Furthermore,the electrode reaction kinetics show that the reduction process of cadmium ions in the cathode region is controlled by ion diffusion.
作者
夏柳
张文娟
马保中
王成彦
XIA Liu;ZHANG Wenjuan;MA Baozhong;WANG Chengyan(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《有色金属科学与工程》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第3期1-8,共8页
Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1900404,2019YFC1908404)。
关键词
镉
电沉积
铅冶炼烟尘
硫酸浸出液
cadmium
electrodeposition
lead smelting soot
sulphate leaching solution
