摘要
通过精细田间管理和营养调控同步提升籽粒产量与品质是提高芸豆种植综合效益的有效途径。采用二因素裂区试验设计,设置3个群体密度[20万株(D1)、23万株(D2)和26万株/hm~2(D3)],开花期喷施黄腐酸5个浓度[0(C0)、0.37(C1)、0.45(C2)、1.12(C3)和1.50 kg/hm^(2)(C4)]处理,共15个处理。结果表明,生长条件较差、产量水平较低的年份(2021年),单株产量差异较小,籽粒产量随种植密度的增加而增加;在生长充分的丰产条件下(2022年),稀植处理(D1)下平均单株荚数和粒数较常规密度分别增加4.5个和21.1,平均单产增加27.6%。不利于生长的情况下,籽粒蛋白质合成加强,黄酮和皂苷含量降低,但总酚含量增加。叶面喷施黄腐酸在生长不利的情况下,能提高籽粒灌浆活力,对芸豆产量形成具有促进作用,而在生长环境良好的条件下无增产效果,但促进了籽粒功效成分合成,尤其是C4处理,2022年的平均黄酮和皂苷含量较对照分别增加了11.1%和16.3%。综合分析,在试验区生产条件下采用20万株/hm^(2)的群体,同时在芸豆开花期喷施0.45 kg/hm^(2)的黄腐酸,可稳定芸豆品质的同时提高籽粒产量。
Synchronizing seed yield and quality through fine field management and nutritional control is an effective way to improve the comprehensive benefits of kidney bean cultivation.In this study,a two-factor split-zone experimental design was used to set up three population densities[2.0×10^(5) plants(D1),2.3×10^(5) plants(D2),and 2.6×10^(5) plants/ha(D3)]and five concentrations of fulvic acid sprayed at the flowering stage[0(C0),0.37(C1),0.45(C2),1.12(C3)and 1.50 kg/ha(C4)]for a total of 15 treatments.The results showed that:in the year with poor growing conditions and low yield level(2021),the differences in yield per plant were small,and the seed yield increased with planting density;in the full-grown and productive condition(2022),the average number of pods and grains per plant under the thinning treatment increased by 4.5 and 21.1 grains,respectively,compared with the conventional density,which resulted in an increase in the average yield by 27.6%.Unfavorable growth conditions resulted in enhanced seed protein synthesis,reduced flavonoid and saponin content,but increased total phenolic content.Foliar spraying of fulvic acid increased grain filling vigor and contributed to yield formation in kidney bean under unfavorable growth conditions,whereas it had no yield-enhancing effect under favorable growth conditions,but promoted the synthesis of efficacy components in the grains,especially in the C4 treatment,where the mean flavonoids and saponins contents in 2022 were increased by 11.1%and 16.3%,respectively,compared with the control.In a comprehensive analysis,using a population of 2.0×10^(5) plants/ha under the production conditions of the experimental area,while spraying 0.45 kg/ha of fulvic acid at the flowering stage of kidney beans,can stabilize the quality of kidney bean and increase the seed yield at the same time.
作者
孙光旭
刘莹
王欣怡
孔德庸
韦娜
邢力文
郭伟
Sun Guangxu;Liu Ying;Wang Xinyi;Kong Deyong;Wei Na;Xing Liwen;Guo Wei(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Technology and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2024年第5期110-118,共9页
Crops
基金
东北地区食用豆生产技术集成与示范区建设(2020YFD1001402)
黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2022-Y17)。
关键词
种植密度
黄腐酸
芸豆
产量
籽粒品质
Planting density
Fulvic acid
Kidney bean
Yield
Grain quality
