摘要
为深入探究大豆遗传改良过程中植株耐密性的动态变化,本研究选取了1940s-2020s育成的50个大豆品种为试验材料,分别设置了常规密度(20万株·hm^(-2))与高密度(30万株·hm^(-2)),综合分析1940s、1950s-1960s、1970s-1980s、1990s-2000s和2010s-2020s大豆品种在不同密度下光合特性、茎秆抗倒能力、产量及产量构成的变化特征。结果表明:常规密度下,新改良品种(1990s-2000s和2010s-2020s)的光合特性、茎秆抗倒伏能力、产量及产量构成均高于早期品种(1940s、1950s-1960s和1970s-1980s)。而高密度下,新改良品种在生育后期的净光合速率较常规密度仅降低了3.25%和1.34%,叶面积指数显著(P<0.05)提高了8.02%和8.56%,与早期品种相比,光合能力衰减速度慢,持绿性强;同时,新改良品种的倒伏评分较常规密度增加20.59%和15.38%,且其株高和重心高度的增幅,茎粗和抗折力的降幅均小于早期品种,植株稳定性增强。此外,高密下新改良品种的产量较常规密度显著(P<0.05)增加,增幅为4.23%和4.53%,单株粒数和百粒重相对稳定,仅降低了12.37%、7.87%和2.87%、2.89%。主成分分析结果表明,随着育种进程的推进,新改良品种可在高密度下构建较大的叶面积指数,增强其功能叶的持绿性且保持较高的净光合速率,并增强茎秆抗倒伏能力,充分保证了植株在生育后期籽粒灌浆稳定的生理状态,为大豆品种获取高产奠定了坚实的基础。因此,高密度下,新改良品种具有较好的耐密特性,其功能叶片持绿性强,光合作用能力较高且持续时间较长,光合产物积累较多,植株稳定性增强,倒伏现象减少,群体结构更趋于合理,从而保持较高的单株粒数和相对稳定的百粒重,显著提高了产量。
In order to deeply investigate the dynamic changes of plant density tolerance in the process of genet-ic improvement of soybean,50 soybean varieties bred in 1940s-2020s were selected as test materials in this study,and normal density(200,000 plants·hm^(-2))and high density(300,000 plants·hm^(-2))were set up to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of the changes in photosynthetic characteristics,stem lodging resistance,yield and yield components of soybean varieties from 1940s,1950s-1960s,1970s-1980s,1990s-2000s,and 2010s-2020s under different densities.The results showed that the new improved varieties(1990s-2000s and 2010s-2020s)had higher photosynthetic characteristics,stem resistance,yield and yield components than the earlier varieties(1940s,1950s-1960s and 1970s-1980s)at normal density.While at high density,the new improved varieties showed only 3.25%and 1.34%lower net photosynthetic rate and a significant(P<0.05)increase in leaf area index of 8.02%and 8.56%in the late reproductive stage compared to normal density,which resulted in a slower rate of photosynthetic capacity decay and better green-holding compared to the earlier varieties.At the same time,the new improved varieties had 20.59%and 15.38%increase in lodging score compared with the normal density,and the increase in plant height and center of gravity height,and the decrease in stem diameter and fracture resistance were smaller than that of the earlier varieties,so plant stability was enhanced.In addition,the yield of the new improved varieties under high den-sity significantly(P<0.05)increased by 4.23%and 4.53%,while seeds per plant and 100-seed weight were rela-tively stable,decreasing only by 12.37%,7.87%and 2.87%,2.89%,respectively,compared with the normal densi-ty.The results of principal component analysis showed that with the advancement of the breeding process,the new improved varieties could construct a larger leaf area index at high density,enhance the greening of their functional leaves,maintain a high net photosynthetic rate,and
作者
丁树启
程彤
饶德民
王弼琨
孟凡钢
于德彬
张鸣浩
张伟
DING Shu-qi;CHENG Tong;RAO De-min;WANG Bi-kun;MENG Fan-gang;YU De-bin;ZHANG Ming-hao;ZHANG Wei(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Soybean Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1058-1067,共10页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022RCB003,CXGC2022RCB002)
吉林省农业科技创新工程人才基金项目(CXGC2023RCY013)
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-04-PS14)
中青年科技创新创业卓越人才(团队)项目(20210509012RQ)。
关键词
大豆
密度
品种改良
耐密性
产量
soybean
density
improvement of varieties
density resistance
yield
