摘要
密植是挖掘优良大豆品种生产潜力的有效途径,但对于育种时间跨度长达百年的大豆品种而言,其对密植的响应差异仍不清楚。为明晰密植对不同年代大豆品种群体光合生产和产量形成的影响,以1930s-2020s育成的50个大豆品种为试验材料,探究了不同年代大豆品种(1930s-1940s、1950s-1960s、1970s-1980s、1990s-2000s和2010s-2020s)在不同密度水平(常规密度200,000株hm^(–2)和高密度300,000株hm^(–2))下叶面积指数(LAI)、叶面积指数增长率(LGR)、光合势(LAD)、干物质积累、作物生长率(CGR)、下部叶片衰老和产量的响应差异。结果表明,随着育成年代的推进,大豆群体光合生产能力和产量均逐渐提升。与老品种(1930s-1940s,1950s-1960s和1970s-1980s)相比,新品种(1990s-2000s和2010s-2020s)在高密度下表现出更好的生长状态。新品种在高密度下的叶面积指数(LAI)增幅更大,盛荚期(R4)的LAI的增幅依次为17.79%和23.06%,盛荚-鼓粒期(R4-R6)的LAI衰减更缓慢,LAD增幅更大。在R6期,新品种在高密度下的干物质积累增幅更大,依次为25.28%和28.96%,其CGR也显著增加(P <0.05),依次为21.66%和25.38%;此外,新品种在高密度下下部叶片黄叶节位上移量和叶片SPAD值的降幅较小,表现出较强的抗衰老特性。在产量方面,新品种在高密度下单位面积粒数和荚数增幅较大,百粒重降幅较小,产量显著(P <0.05)提升,其产量增幅依次为4.49%和5.04%。综上,生育初期,新品种在高密度下表现出较强的“源”增加能力,其叶源值高且稳定,光能截获量大,干物质积累多,促进籽粒“库”快速发育;而生育后期,其叶面积指数衰减速度较慢,群体光合能力强,籽粒灌浆充分,因而显著提高单位面积粒数和荚数,从而弥补百粒重的微降,实现大豆产量显著提升。
Planting density is an effective way to harness the production potential of elite soybean varieties,yet the response dif-ferences to planting density among soybean varieties over a breeding time span of up to 100 years remain unclear.To clarify the effects of planting density on the photosynthetic production and yield formation of soybean varieties released in different eras,this study used 50 soybean varieties released from the 1930s to the 2020s.The response differences in leaf area index(LAI),leaf area index growth rate(LGR),leaf area duration(LAD),dry matter accumulation,crop growth rate(CGR),lower leaf senescence,and yield were explored under different planting densities(normal density of 200,000 plants hm^(-2) and high density of 300,000 plants hm^(-2))for soybean varieties from different eras(1930s–1940s,1950s–1960s,1970s–1980s,1990s–2000s,and 2010s–2020s).The results showed that with the advancement of breeding eras,both the photosynthetic production capacity and yield of soybeans gradually increased.Compared with old varieties(1930s–1940s,1950s–1960s,and 1970s–1980s),new varieties(1990s–2000s and 2010s–2020s)showed better growth status at high density.The increase in LAI of new varieties at high density was more substantial,with increases of 17.79%and 23.06%at the R4 stage,and the decrease in LAI from the R4 to R6 stage was slower,resulting in a more significant increase in LAD.At the R6 stage,the dry matter accumulation of new varieties at high density in-creased by 25.28%and 28.96%,respectively,and their CGR also significantly increased(P<0.05)by 21.66%and 25.38%,re-spectively.Moreover,the new varieties showed strong senescence resistance at high density,with smaller decreases in the amount of upward displacement of yellow leaf nodes and leaf SPAD values of the lower leaves.In terms of yield,new varieties experi-enced greater increases in the number of seeds and pods per unit area at high density,with a smaller decrease in 100-seed weight,resulting in a significant(P<0.05)yield incr
作者
丁树启
程彤
王弼琨
于德彬
饶德民
孟凡钢
赵胤凯
王晓慧
张伟
DING Shu-Qi;CHENG Tong;WANG Bi-Kun;YU De-Bin;RAO De-Min;MENG Fan-Gang;ZHAO Yin-Kai;WANG Xiao-Hui;ZHANG Wei(Institute of Soybean Research,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun 130033,Jilin,China;College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
北大核心
2025年第1期161-173,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022RCB003,CXGC2022RCG011)
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U21A20215)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240602046RC)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-PS14)
吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)基本科研经费项目(KYJF2023DX012)资助。
关键词
大豆
密植
不同年代
光合生产
产量
soybean
density planting
different eras
photosynthetic production
yield
