摘要
劳务代偿的适用并不遵循修复责任的归责要件,且无法实现等值重建或更换受损生态环境的目标,其性质应为“以金钱给付为内容的责任承担方式的执行(履行)方式”,而非环境司法普遍认为的替代性修复方式,故劳务抵偿的对象不以修复费用为限。其适用范围应明确为“自然人应当承担生态环境损害民事责任,同时量化的损害数额不大且该责任人家庭经济困难无力履行金钱给付义务”的案件。将劳务代偿作为生效裁判的执行方式,宜采用修改司法解释或发布指导性案例的模式明晰其适用条件、折抵标准、经济状况证明责任分配规则等,同时需要探索建立劳务代偿执行方案制定和实施的协作机制,充分发挥行政机关的专业优势,促成责任依法、全面履行。
The application of compensation of labor service does not follow the imputation elements of repair responsibility and can not achieve the goal of equivalent reconstruction or replacement of damaged ecological environment,the nature of the compensation of labor service is"The execution(performance)of the mode of taking responsibility with the content of money payment",which is not an alternative method of repair,so the object of labor compensation is not limited to the cost of repair.The scope of application should be defined as"Natural person should bear the civil liability for ecological environmental damage,and the quantified amount of ecological damage is not large,but the person's family is unable to fulfill the financial obligations".In order to implement the effective judgment,we should adopt the mode of revising the judicial interpretation or issuing the guiding cases to clarify the applicable conditions,the standards of discount and the distribution rules of the burden of proof of economic condition,etc.At the same time,it is necessary to explore the establishment of a collaborative mechanism for the formulation and implementation of the implementation plan for Labour compensation,so as to give full play to the professional advantages of the executive branch and facilitate the full implementation of their responsibilities in accordance with the law.
作者
李义松
叶翔
杨磊
Li Yisong;Ye Xiang;Yang Lei
出处
《行政与法》
2024年第10期80-93,共14页
Administration and Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“长江经济带跨界河湖治理法治保障研究”,项目编号:22BFX131
江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“地方环境立法理论与实践研究”,项目编号:19FXA002。
关键词
生态环境损害
民事责任
劳务代偿
替代性修复
责任承担方式
ecological environmental damage
civil liability
compensation of labor service
alternative remediation
mode of responsibility
