摘要
中国科技成果权属制度改革以赋权为思路,在模式上参考了美国《拜杜法》的同时也对其有所超越,将科技成果权属适用范围扩大至所有智力成果类知识产权,更符合中国国情和发展新质生产力的需要。但中美两国由于国情不同,赋权于特定主体的具体含义也有所不同。在中国,赋权特定主体应当是构建一种多元权属制度模式,允许单位将科技成果的知识产权转让给包括科研人员在内的与市场有紧密联系的主体。在未来,中国科技成果转化立法需要在赋权思路下构建统一完备的科技成果权属制度。首先,构建多元的权属模式,允许单位将科技成果转让给科研人员,并允许二者在项目立项之初就科技成果知识产权的归属进行协商。其次,还应及时修改《科技成果转化法》等科技法律,使其与新修订的《科技进步法》相配合,构建完备的科技立法体系适应科技改革新动向。最后,立法需要对政府介入权进行明确定位,使其成为监管科技成果使用、保护公共利益以及防止关键技术流失的保障性制度。
Bayh-Dole Act has been the representative law in technology transfer for its innovation that endow private subjects with patents of government-funded technology.By introducing the Bayh-Dole rules into the Chinese legal sys⁃tem,Law of the People's Republic of China on Science and Technology has exceeded the Bayh-Dole Act in that it ex⁃tends the rules of ownership to all intellectual properties,which is an act based on China's legal practice.Empower⁃ment in China is endowing subjects that are highly related to market,like researchers and companies with intellectual property right.Under the empowerment theory,the Chinese rules still have much room for further improvement.Firstly,researchers should possess a wider range of rights to use the intellectual property and right to negotiate with the institu⁃tions at the beginning of R&D programs.Besides,due adjustment should be made on Law of PRC on Science and Tech⁃nology Progress along with other related rules to constitute a complete legal system that is internally cogent and exter⁃nally appropriate.Last but not least,march-in right should be used to stimulate technology transfer,protect public in⁃terest and prevent important technique form losing.
作者
马忠法
辜辰炜
Ma Zhongfa;Gu Chenwei(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《科技与法律（中英文）》
CSSCI
2024年第5期13-24,共12页
Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）
关键词
科技成果权属
《拜杜法》
科技成果转化
知识产权
ownership of technological achievement
Bayh-Dole Act
technology transfer
intellectual property
