摘要
人类智能是“通用智能”。人工智能要成为通用的,即通用人工智能,让其具有心理性的认知因素是必不可少的。这意味着“智能”不是“认知”,人工智能要转向人工认知,也就是让目前人工智能的“计算智能”和“感知智能”走向“认知智能”,这就是人工智能的“认知转向”。而“认知智能”作为“通用智能”,与人类智能一样是适应性表征系统,在适应性表征概念下,两种智能可统一起来进而成为通用的。然而,在通用人工智能能否实现的问题上,存在着两种对立的立场,即乐观派和悲观派。这是因为,其中蕴含了关于人工行为体的主体性、能动性和意向性问题的争论,而区分行为体和主体、行为体间性和主体间性、行为体的能动性与主体的主体性、行为体的指向性与主体的意向性是十分必要的。适应性表征被视为消解这些争论和弥合不同智能鸿沟的概念框架,进而成为实现机器意识的方法论策略。
Human intelligence is “general intelligence”. In order for artificial intelligence to become generalized, i.e., artificial general intelligence, it is indispensable for it to have a mental cognitive element. This means that “intelligence” is not “cognition”, and artificial intelligence should be shifted to artificial cognition. In other words, the current “computational intelligence” and “perceptual intelligence” of artificial intelligence should be shifted to “cognitive intelligence”. This is the “cognitive turn” of artificial intelligence. As a “general intelligence”, “cognitive intelligence” is an adaptive representation system like human intelligence, and under the concept of adaptive representation, the two kinds of intelligence can be unified and become universal. However, on the question of whether AGI can be realized, there are two opposing positions, the optimists and the pessimists due to the embedded debates on the issues of subjectivity, agency and intentionality of artificial agents, whereas the distinction between agents and subjects, inter-agents and inter-subjects, agents? agency and subjects? subjectivity, and agents? directionality and subjects? intentionality is essential. And it is important that adaptive representation is seen as a conceptual framework for dissolving these debates and bridging the gap between different intelligences, and thus as a methodological strategy for realizing machine consciousness.
作者
魏屹东
WEI Yi-dong(School of Philosophy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi030006,China)
出处
《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第5期9-17,共9页
Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD061)。
关键词
人工智能
通用人工智能
认知智能
认知转向
适应性表征
artificial intligence
artificial general intelligence
cognitive intelligence
cognitive tum
adap-tive representation
