摘要
人工智能推动了智能教育的快速发展,展现出人机协同的实践特征。但人机协同学习作为智能教育的重要组成部分,已经呈现出怎样的实践形态、透过现象彰显出怎样的本质却鲜有研究探讨。为了技术更好地服务教育、服务人的发展,研究对智能时代的人机协同学习实践进行深入剖析。首先,综合相关文献和实践发现,人的认知活动与机器智能产生了千丝万缕的联系,人机协同学习在实践中已呈现出知识导学、互动对话、智能增强三大形态。其次,透过现象看本质,研究从人机构成的学习双主体协同结构中揭示出人机协同学习三个重要本质内容:一是人机协同学习意味着人类认知与人工认知的协同混合;二是人机交互技术的应用为人机协同认知搭建了流畅的通道;三是人机互惠构成人机有效协同的关键。最后,研究提出两点发展建议,即在技术层面以人机交互与人机互惠为着力点提升技术设计,在实践层面以学习科学与以人为本为基本遵循规范实践过程。
Artificial intelligence has propelled the rapid development of intelligent education,demonstrating the characteristics of human-machine collaboration in practice.However,the practical manifestations and underlying essence of human-machine collaborative learning,as an integral component of intelligent education,have received limited research attention.In order to better serve education and human development with technology,this study conducted an in-depth analysis of human-machine collaborative learning practices in the era of artificial intelligence.First of all,by synthesizing relevant literature and practical findings,it was found that human cognitive activities and machine intelligence are intricately intertwined,and human-machine collaborative learning has manifested in three major forms in practice:guiding knowledge learning,interactive dialogue,and intelligent enhancement.Moreover,by delving into the essence through phenomena,the study revealed three important essential aspects of human-machine collaborative learning from the structure of human-machine collaboration.The first,human-machine collaborative learning means the synergistic integration of human cognition and artificial cognition.The second,the application of human-machine interaction technologies provides a smooth channel for cooperative cognitive processes.The third,human-machine reciprocity is key for human-machine collaborative learning effectively.Finally,two suggestions were proposed for the development of human-machine collaborative learning.At the technological level,it should focus on improving technology design through human-machine interaction and reciprocity.At the practical level,it should be guided by the principles of learning science and human-center to standardize the practice process.
作者
郝祥军
张天琦
顾小清
Hao Xiangjun;Zhang Tianqi;Gu Xiaoqing(Department of Education Information Technology,Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)
出处
《中国电化教育》
北大核心
2023年第10期26-35,共10页
China Educational Technology
基金
2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工智能促进未来教育发展研究”(项目编号:19ZDA364)研究成果。
关键词
智能教育
人机协同学习
人机协同认知
人机交互
人机互惠
人本人工智能
intelligent education
human-machine collaborative learning
human-machine collaborative cognition
human-machine interaction
human-machine reciprocity
human-centered artificial intelligence
