摘要
本试验旨在探究葡萄渣苜蓿混合青贮对肉牛生长性能及肌肉脂肪酸和挥发性化合物组成的影响。选取12头健康状况良好且体重相似的西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为2组,每组6头。对照组(CK组)饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),试验组(CG组)饲喂添加葡萄渣苜蓿混合青贮的TMR(葡萄渣苜蓿混合青贮中葡萄渣与苜蓿比例为1∶6.67)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果显示:1)与CK组相比,CG组肉牛的终末体重(P<0.05)、干物质采食量(P<0.05)和平均日增重(P<0.01)均显著或极显著增加。2)屠宰后,CG组肉牛胴体重较CK组提高4.87 kg(P<0.05),CG组肌肉失水率较CK组提高3.21%(P<0.01)。3)与CK组相比,CG组肌肉饱和脂肪酸中肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸的含量均极显著增加(P<0.01),硬脂酸的含量极显著降低(P<0.01);不饱和脂肪酸中,单不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著降低(P<0.01);CG组多不饱和脂肪酸中十八碳二烯酸甘油三酯含量极显著增加(P<0.01),十八碳三烯酸甘油三酯含量显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与CK组相比,CG组肌肉中己醛含量极显著降低(P<0.01),1-戊醇、1-辛烯-3-醇和2,3-辛二酮含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。综上所述,将葡萄渣苜蓿混合青贮添加到饲粮中,可以提高肉牛的生长性能及屠宰后的胴体重,提高肌肉中脂肪酸和挥发性化合物的含量,从而改善肉品质。
To investigated the effects of grape pomace and alfalfa mixed silage on the growth performance and composition of fatty acids and volatile compounds of beef cattle,twelve Simmental cattle of good health and similar weight were taken and randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group.Cattle in control group(CK group)was fed total mixed ration(TMR),cattle in test group(CG group)was fed the TMR with grape pomace and alfalfa mixed silage diet(in the mixed silage of grape residue and alfalfa,the ratio of grape residue to alfalfa was 1∶6.67).The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the CK group,final body weight(P<0.05)and dry matter intake(P<0.05)and average daily gain(P<0.01)were significantly increased in the CG group.2)After slaughter,compared with the CK group,the carcass weight and water loss rate of beef cattle in CG group were significantly increased by 4.87 kg(P<0.05)and 3.21%(P<0.01),respectively.3)Compared with CK group,the contents of myristic acid and palmitic acid in saturated fatty acids in the CG group were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),the content of stearic acid decreased significantly(P<0.01);among unsaturated fatty acids,the content of monounsaturated fatty acid was significantly decreased(P<0.01);C18∶2 cis-9 cis-12 content in polyunsaturated fatty acids was extremely significantly higher(P<0.01),and C18∶3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 content was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).4)Compared with CK group,the content of hexanal in the CG group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of 1-pentanol,1-octene-3-ol and 2,3-octanedione were significantly increased(P<0.01).In conclusion,adding grape pomace and alfalfa mixed silage into the diet can improve the growth performance and carcass weight of beef cattle after slaughter,and increase the contents of fatty acids and volatile compounds in muscle,and improve the beef quality to a certain extent.
作者
腾美美
张霞
陈玮玮
孙鑫畅
谢开云
颜安
万江春
TENG Meimei;ZHANG Xia;CHEN Weiwei;SUN Xinchang;XIE Kaiyun;YAN An;WAN Jiangchun(Postdoctoral Station of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Sheqi County Secondary Vocational School,Nanyang 473399,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期5107-5116,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项计划(2022B02003)
优质牧草高效生产与加工关键技术集成示范
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A69)。
关键词
葡萄渣苜蓿混合青贮
肉牛
脂肪酸
挥发性化合物
grape pomace and alfalfa mixed silage
beef cattle
fatty acids
volatile compounds
