摘要
目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)南疆地区流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征及健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)携带情况,为流脑防治提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法分析2011—2022年新疆南疆地区流脑发病数据。根据新疆南疆地区流脑发病情况以及地理位置的分布特点,于2016、2018、2019年分别在南疆3个地区开展健康人群带菌调查。采用玻片凝集和实时荧光聚合酶链式反应方法检测菌株的血清群。采用χ^(2)检验对Nm带菌率进行比较。结果2011—2022年,南疆4个地(州)共报告流脑病例219例,年发病率0.08/10万~2.81/10万,死亡13例,其中2014年发病率(2.81/10万)最高。报告病例数位居前2位的为喀什地区(111例)及和田地区(63例)。1374名健康人群咽拭子标本当中,共分离出的Nm菌株为293株,带菌率是21.32%,血清群以B群为主;不同年龄组Nm带菌率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=91.552,P<0.001),16~20岁年龄组带菌率最高(33.33%)。带菌率最低的为<3岁年龄组(9.79%);不同地区带菌率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=74.514,P<0.001),其中和田地区带菌率最高(33.65%),血清群以未分群为主;健康人群不同性别的Nm带菌率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.286,P<0.001);健康人群不同接种剂次的Nm带菌率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.943,P<0.001),其中疫苗接种史不详的健康人群带菌率最高(28.13%)。结论新疆南疆地区流脑流行由周期性高发状态转变为散发为主,但健康人群Nm带菌率高,菌株血清群正在发生变化,今后工作中应针对重点人群和重点场所加强流脑疫情的防控措施,预防和控制流脑疫情的暴发。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis and the carrying status of Neisseria meningitidis in healthy population in southern Xinjiang and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of meningococcal meningitis.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence data of meningococcal meningitis in southern Xinjiang from 2011 to 2022.Based on the incidence and geographical distribution of meningococcal meningitis in southern Xinjiang,N.meningitidis carriage surveys in healthy population were conducted in three prefectures of southern Xinjiang in 2016,2018 and 2019.Slide agglutination test and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the serum group of the strain of N.meningitidis.The carriage rates of N.meningitidis of 2 tests were compared withχ^(2) test.Results From 2011 to 2022,a total of 219 cases of meningococcal meningitis,including 13 deaths,were reported in four prefectures in southern Xinjiang,with annual incidence rate ranging from 0.08/100000 to 2.81/100000.The incidence rate was the highest in 2014(2.81/100000).The top two prefectures reporting high case counts were Kashi(111 cases)and Hotan(63 cases).In 1374 throat swabs from healthy population,293 strains of N.meningitidis were isolated,with a carriage rate of 21.32%.Serum group B was predominant;There were significant differences in the carriage rate of N.meningitidis among different age groups(χ^(2)=91.552,P<0.001),the carriage rate was highest in age group 16-20 years(33.33%)and lowest in age group<3 years(9.79%);There were significant differences in the carriage rates among different areas(χ^(2)=74.514,P<0.001),the highest carriage rate(33.65%)was detected in Hotan,and the serum groups of the N.meningitidis strains were mainly unspecified.There was gender specific significant difference in the carriage rate in healthy population(χ^(2)=10.286,P<0.001);There was significant difference in the carriage rate among healthy individuals with different vaccin
作者
哈力木别克·那扎尔别克
符文慧
兰兆国
乌其尔加甫·才媲丽玛
叶斯泰·木黑牙提
田甜
谢娜
Nazaerbieke Halimubieke;Fu Wenhui;Lan Zhaoguo;Wuqierjiafu Caipilima;Muheiyati Yesitai;Tian Tian;Xie Na(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期841-845,共5页
Disease Surveillance
基金
新疆自然人群队列建设及主动健康创新团队(No.2022TSYCTD0013)。
关键词
流行性脑脊髓膜炎
脑膜炎奈瑟菌
流行特征
健康人群
带菌率
Meningococcal meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Epidemiological characteristic
Healthy population
Carriage rate
