摘要
当前,人兽冲突是国家公园高质量建设面临的主要问题之一,如何在保护野生动物的同时保护好人民群众的生命财产安全至关重要。2023年,对第一批国家公园内624户原住居民家庭开展问卷调查,并对国家公园管理机构和地方政府部门进行半结构式访谈,深入了解国家公园人兽冲突现状和存在问题,发现三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、武夷山国家公园内分别有70%、47%、76%、33%的家庭因人兽冲突受到损害,主要肇事主体为野猪、狼和棕熊,给园区居民造成的经济损失从上千元至万元不等。虽然各地区野生动物损害补偿办法持续完善,不断加强事前预防探索力度,但是损害补偿不到位、家庭防范效果不理想、监测预警体系不健全、事中控制手段缺乏等问题依然突出。为此提出优化野生动物致害补偿办法、加强事前防范措施、丰富事中控制手段、加强区域风险评估、提升监测预警能力、控制野生动物种群数量,实现园区人与兽的科学管理等政策建议,最大程度保障居民人身安全。
One of the primary challenges faced in the high⁃quality construction of national parks is human⁃wildlife conflict.It is crucial to ensure the lives and property of the people while protecting wild animals.To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current status and issues related to human⁃wildlife conflicts in national parks,a questionnaire involving 624 indigenous households within the first batch of national parks was conducted,complemented by semi⁃structured interviews with park administration and local government department staff.The findings reveal that 70%,47%,76%,and 33%of households in Sanjiangyuan,Giant Panda,Northeast Tiger and Leopard,and Wuyishan National Park suffered damages due to human⁃wildlife conflicts.The major conflict⁃prone animals were wild boar,wolf,and brown bear,causing economic losses such as crop damage,property destruction and medical expenses range from thousands of yuan to tens of thousands of yuan.Despite continuous improvements in wildlife damage compensation mechanisms and ongoing efforts to enhance preventive measures,several problems remain prominent,including inadequate compensation,ineffective household preventive measures,underdeveloped monitoring and warning systems,and insufficient control measures during incidents.Consequently,this paper put forward policy suggestions such as optimizing the wildlife damage compensation mechanism,strengthening preventive measures,diversifying incident control strategies,enhancing regional risk assessments,improving monitoring and early warning capabilities,and regulating wildlife populations to achieve scientific management of human⁃wildlife interactions in park areas,thereby maximizing the safety of residents.
作者
刘诗琦
刘佳欢
张灵曼
林进
高媛
LIU Shiqi;LIU Jiahuan;ZHANG Lingman;LIN Jin;GAO Yuan(Development Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China;Planning&Design Institute of Forest Products Industry,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100010,China)
基金
国家林业和草原局林业重大问题研究项目。
关键词
人兽冲突
肇事补偿
事前防范
监测预警
human⁃wildlife conflict
damage compensation
advance prevention
monitoring and early warning
