摘要
为了解秸秆施用下减施氮肥对稻田有机碳和氮磷排放特征的影响,进而为稻田投入品的优化施用以及田间养分管理提供技术支撑,通过盆钵试验研究小麦秸秆还田与肥料施用对高砂土和黄泥土2种土壤的田面水有机碳和氮磷浓度、潜在可排放量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,高砂土稻田的田面径流养分排放风险远大于黄泥土,其中基肥期更为明显;磷在基肥期田面径流中的排放风险最大,施加秸秆处理的有机碳在蘖肥期田面径流中的排放风险最大,而氮在穗肥期的排放风险最大;无论高砂土还是黄泥土,秸秆施用基础上,相比施用常量氮肥,施用减量氮肥在保证产量不受明显影响的同时,可以有效降低田面径流养分排放风险。在小麦秸秆还田条件下,施用减量氮肥与常量氮肥相比,高砂土稻田田面水的COD、DOC、TN和TP平均可排放量分别降低34.92%、15.47%、35.37%和53.93%,水稻产量降低12.01%,黄泥土稻田田面水的COD、TN和TP平均可排放量分别降低24.82%、23.75%、2.84%,而水稻产量提高3.99%。总之,秸秆还田时减施氮肥利于降低高砂土和黄泥土田面水COD、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N的潜在排放风险,以稳定水稻产量和防控稻田养分田面径流流失为目标,高砂土稻田在水稻种植时氮肥施用应减量多次,并避免小麦秸秆还田,而黄泥土稻田在氮肥施用时应混施秸秆。
In order to understand the impact of reducing nitrogen fertilizer input under straw application on the emission characteristics of organic carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields,and to provide technical support for the optimization of input application and nutrient management in paddy fields,pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of wheat straw return and fertilizer application on the concentrations of organic carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of rice field with silt soil and clay soil,as well as on their potential emissions and on rice yield.The results indicate that the risk of nutrient emissions from surface runoff in silt soil was much higher than that in clay soil,with the basal fertilizer period being more pronounced;Phosphorus had the highest emission risk in the field runoff during the basal fertilizer period,organic carbon treated with straw had the highest emission risk in the field runoff during the tillering fertilizer period,and nitrogen had the highest emission risk during the panicle fertilizer period.Regardless of whether it was in silt soil or clay soil,on the basis of straw application,compared to applying constant nitrogen fertilizer,applying a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the risk of nutrient emissions from field runoff while ensuring the yield being not significantly affected.Under the condition of returning wheat straw to the field,the application of reduced nitrogen fertilizer compared to constant nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an average reduction of 34.92%,15.47%,35.37%,and 53.93%in COD,DOC,TN,and TP emissions from surface water in silt soil rice fields,while there was 12.01%reduction in rice yield.Meanwhile,the average reduction of COD,TN,and TP emissions from surface water in clay soil rice fields was 24.82%,23.75%,and 2.84%,respectively,while rice yield increased by 3.99%.In summary,reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer together with returning straw to the field is beneficial for reducing the potential emission
作者
赵家阳
于建光
于孟康
王宁
郭智
薛利红
杨林章
ZHAO Jia-yang;YU Jian-guang;YU Meng-kang;WANG Ning;GUO Zhi;XUE Li-hong;YANG Lin-zhang(School of Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212001,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1102-1112,共11页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3201503)。
关键词
稻田
秸秆
减施氮肥
田面水
有机碳
氮磷
paddy fields
straw
reducing nitrogen fertilizer application
surface water
organic carbon
nitrogen and phosphorus
