摘要
为探索控释氮肥和优化施肥位置等技术手段在双季稻的应用效果,开展了控释氮肥根区优化施用田间试验,试验设4个处理:不施氮肥(CK)、根区常规施肥处理(RCF,氮肥为尿素,根区施肥为常规位置)、根区优化氮肥种类处理(RCFK,在RCF的基础上,氮肥40%为尿素,60%为控释氮肥)、根区优化氮肥种类和位置处理(RCFKP,在RCFK的基础上优化根区施肥的位置),分析了根系生长发育、水稻产量、植株氮素积累量和肥料利用率等指标,并进一步对根系特征与肥料利用率的关系进行了量化分析。结果表明:与其他处理相比,RCFKP处理下早、晚稻的根直径、体积、表面积、干重和根长均显著增加,从而显著提高水稻产量及氮肥利用率。与CK、RCF和RCFK处理相比,RCFKP处理的早晚稻产量分别增加7.30%~48.43%和8.65%~57.28%,早晚稻的秸秆氮素积累量分别增加18.23%~165.15%和14.74%~96.19%,早晚稻的籽粒氮素积累量分别显著增加12.62%~138.49%和17.25%~142.60%,早晚稻的植株氮素积累量分别显著增加15.03%~149.54%和16.18%~120.59%,早晚稻的氮肥利用率分别显著增加27.88%~65.55%和34.18%~75.03%。通过拟合方程发现,所有根系特征指标均与氮肥利用率呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),说明根区优化施肥可以通过促进根系生长显著提高水稻产量。因此,施用40%尿素和60%控释肥且根区优化施肥的方式可促进水稻根系生长发育,从而促进其对养分的吸收利用,增加水稻植株氮积累量和氮肥吸收利用率,使水稻增产。
In order to explore the application effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the optimization of fertilization position on double-cropping rice,a field experiment including 4 treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization in the root zone(RCF:urea as nitrogen fertilizer,and root zone fertilization in the conventional position),optimized nitrogen fertilizer type treatment in the root zone(RCFK:on the basis of RCF,40%urea and 60%controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer were used),and optimized nitrogen fertilizer type and position treatment in the root zone(RCFKP:on the basis of RCFK,the position of fertilization in the root zone was optimized),was carried out to analyze the root growth and development,rice yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and fertilizer utilization rate,and further quantitatively analyze the relationship between root characteristics and fertilizer utilization rate.The results showed that compared with other treatments,the root diameter,volume,surface area,dry weight and length of early and late rice were significantly increased in the RCFKP treatment,thereby significantly improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate.Moreover,compared with the CK,RCF and RCFK treatments,the yields of early and late rice in the RCFKP treatments increased by 7.30%-48.43%and 8.65%-57.28%,respectively;the nitrogen accumulation in straw increased by 18.23%-165.15%and 14.74%-96.19%,respectively,in grain significantly increased by 12.62%-138.49%and 17.25%-142.60%,respectively,in plant significantly increased by 15.03%-149.54%and 16.18%-120.59%,respectively;the nitrogen utilization rate significantly increased by 27.88%-65.55%and 34.18%-75.03%,respectively.Fitting equation revealed that all root characteristic indicators were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen utilization rate(P<0.05),indicating that optimized fertilization in the root zone could significantly improve rice yield by promoting root growth.Therefore,the application of 40%urea and 60%controlled-release fertili
作者
胡丹丹
余红英
王志美
柳开楼
吴艳
宋惠洁
胡志华
孙耿
HU Dan-dan;YU Hong-ying;WANG Zhi-mei;LIU Kai-lou;WU Yan;SONG Hui-jie;HU Zhi-hua;SUN Geng(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanchang 331717,PRC;Jiujiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jiujiang 332000,PRC;Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Nanchang 330046,PRC;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2023年第6期49-54,共6页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBFL63063)
江西省双千计划项目(jxsq2020102116)
国家科技基础资源调查专项项目课题(2021FY100504)
江西省高层次高技能领军人才培养工程(2021-49)。
关键词
控释氮肥
根区施肥
水稻
根系特征
氮素积累量
氮肥利用率
controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer
root zone fertilization
rice
root characteristics
nitrogen accumulation
nitrogen utilization rate
