摘要
先诉请求作为股东提起派生诉讼的前置程序,具有丰富的制度内涵和实践价值。完整的先诉请求程序包括股东向公司内部机关提出起诉请求,公司进行内部审查后作出是否起诉的决定。现有理论和实践片面关注先诉请求作为派生诉讼启动要件的程序意义,未能重视公司对先诉请求的审查决定所具有的重要功能。起诉追究侵害公司利益者的民事责任属于公司的固有权利,在公司拒绝起诉而股东获得派生诉权时,公司理应有权基于董事会的合理商业判断,请求法院驳回或终止股东派生诉讼。股东在派生诉讼中的诉讼请求获得法院支持,表明经过董事同意作出的不起诉决定欠缺合理性。若股东请求追究董事责任,法院应当对董事是否存在利益冲突或疏忽怠责进行司法审查,对于无法获得商业判断规则保护的董事,应当依法追究其违信责任。发现并重视派生诉讼先诉请求规则的多重功能,能够有效平衡公司自治与司法干预,实现司法资源的合理配置。
As the pre-procedure for shareholders to bring derivative suits,the pre-suit demand has abundant connotation and practical value.The complete pre-suit demand procedure includes the shareholder’s request to the corporate internal organs for prosecution,and the corporate internal review to make a decision on whether to sue.The existing theory and practice focus on the procedural significance of the pre-suit demand as the prerequisite for the initiation of derivative suits,but fail to pay attention to the important function of the corporate review decision on the pre-suit demand.It is the inherent right of the corporation to sue and investigate the civil liability of the person who infringes the interests of the corporation.When the corporation refuses to sue and the shareholder gets the derivative right,the corporation should have the right to request the court to dismiss or terminate the shareholder derivative suits based on the reasonable business judgment of the board of directors.The shareholder’s claim in the derivative suit is supported by the court,which indicates that the decision not to sue agreed by the director is not reasonable.If the shareholder requests the director to be held accountable,the court should conduct judicial review on whether the directors have conflicts of interest or negligence,and the directors who cannot obtain the protection of the business judgment rule should be investigated for breach of fiduciary duty.To find out and attach importance to the multiple functions of the rules of pre-suit demand in derivative suits,it can effectively balance the autonomy of the corporation and the judicial intervention,and realize the reasonable allocation of judicial resources.
出处
《经贸法律评论》
2024年第4期68-84,共17页
Business and Economic Law Review
关键词
派生诉讼
先诉请求
商业判断规则
董事独立性
信义义务
Derivative Suit
Pre-suit Demand
Business Judgment Rule
Independence of Director
Fiduciary Duty
