摘要
旱作马铃薯生育中后期缺氮易引发叶片早衰,研究不同施氮量对旱地马铃薯抗氧化特性、干物质积累特性及产量的影响,探究适合宁夏南部山区马铃薯生产的适宜施氮量,可以为该地区马铃薯绿色高效栽培提供技术支撑。本研究于2019—2020年在宁夏海原县开展试验,以‘青薯9号’为供试材料,采取随机区组试验设计,共设置0 kg·hm^(−2)(N0)、75 kg·hm^(−2)(N1)、150 kg·hm^(−2)(N2)和225 kg·hm^(−2)(N3)4个氮素处理,测定其叶片抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量及干物质质量等相关参数。2年研究结果表明,适宜施氮量可显著增加马铃薯产量、改善干物质积累特性和延缓叶片衰老,其中以N2处理(施氮量为150 kg·hm^(−2))总体表现最佳。与N0相比,各施氮处理在马铃薯生育后期(苗后90~105 d)的叶面积指数(LAI)和叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)显著增加,同时对抗氧化酶活性的提升和干物质积累特性的持续优化均有一定效果,其中,以N2处理的总体优势最为显著。此外,N2较其他处理可提高马铃薯生育后期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,并显著提高最大干物质积累速率(G_(max))和达到最大干物质积累速率时的生长量(W_(max)),持续改善干物质积累特性,增加块茎干物质质量,进而提升产量。产量回归方程表明,达到最大理论产量的最佳施氮范围为150~196 kg·hm^(−2)(2019年)和150~169 kg·hm^(−2)(2020年)。相关性分析结果表明,马铃薯产量与其叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性、最大干物质积累速率(G_(max))和干物质活跃积累天数(D)呈显著或极显著正相关,同时产量和干物质积累特性均与叶片MDA、Pro含量呈显著或极显著负相关。因此,施氮量为150 kg·hm^(−2)(N2)能显著优化马铃薯干物质积累特性,提高生育后期叶片保护酶活性,减少膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)的积
Nitrogen deficiency in the middle and late stages of dryland potato is prone to cause early leaf failure.Therefore,it is important to study the effects of different nitrogen applications on the antioxidant characteristics,dry matter accumulation characteristics,and yield of dryland potatoes and to explore the appropriate nitrogen application rate suitable for potato production in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.This research will contribute to the provision of technological support for green and efficient potato cultivation in this region.The experiment was carried out in Haiyuan County,Ningxia,in 2019–2020,with‘Qingshu No.9’as the test material,adopting a randomized block group experimental design.A total of four nitrogen treatments,including 0 kg·hm^(−2)(N0),75 kg·hm^(−2)(N1),150 kg·hm^(−2)(N2)and 225 kg·hm^(−2)(N3),were applied.Parameters related to antioxidant enzyme activity,non-enzymatic protective substances and dry matter mass were determined.The results of the two years study showed that the appropriate N application rate could increase potato yield,improve the dry matter accumulation characteristics and delay leaf senescence,with the best performance under the N2 treatment(N application rate of 150 kg·hm^(−2)).Compared with no N fertilization,all N treatments increased leaf area index and leaf relative chlorophyll content at the late reproductive stage of potatoes(90–105 d after seedling).Simultaneously,appropriate N application rate could increase antioxidant enzyme activity and optimize the characteristics of dry matter accumulation,and the advantage of N2 treatment was obvious.Compared with other treatments,N2 treatment can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)in the late reproductive stage of potatoes,and effectively reduce the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline(Pro).In addition,N2 treatment can increase the maximum dry matter accumulation rate(G_(max))and growth at maximum rate of dry matter accumulation(W_(max))
作者
苏明
柳强娟
张正珍
周甜
洪自强
李翻过
康建宏
吴宏亮
SU Ming;LIU Qiangjuan;ZHANG Zhengzhen;ZHOU Tian;HONG Ziqiang;LI Fanguo;KANG Jianhong;WU Hongliang(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1341-1354,共14页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860336)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03065)资助。
关键词
马铃薯
施氮量
叶片抗氧化特性
干物质积累特性
产量
Potato
Nitrogen application
Leaf antioxidant properties
Dry matter accumulation characteristics
Yield
