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乡村教师留任影响因素及优化路径——基于解释结构模型的分析

The Influencing Factors and Optimization Paths of Rural Teacher Retention——An Analysis Based on Interpretative Structural Modeling
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摘要 乡村教师是基础教育的脊梁,“留得住”是实现乡村教育高质量发展的重要保障。然而,“留不住”问题仍然是当前乡村教师队伍建设的瓶颈。通过梳理相关学术观点和实地调研分析,提炼出影响乡村教师留任意愿的16个关键因素,并依据ISM解释结构模型构建影响因素层级关系图,厘清各个因素之间的关系和作用路径。研究发现,乡村教师“留”还是“不留”受复杂因素的影响,各因素之间遵循多级递阶的逻辑关系:位于表层的教育情怀及工作满意度是影响乡村教师留任的直接因素,影响作用路径最短;中间层由团队帮扶、教研平台、薪资待遇和教育热情等多因素构成,以多条路径作用于表层因素并对乡村教师留任产生影响;由物质保障、学科匹配、教学环境组成的根本因素,通过中间层逐步作用于表层的教育情怀和工作满意度,形成影响乡村教师留任的深层因素。因此,留住乡村教师应从夯实乡村教师留任保障基础、优化乡村学校内部治理体系、涵养乡村教师乡土教育情怀等方面发力,从而强化乡村教师的留任意愿,助力乡村教育实现高质量发展。 Rural teachers are the backbone of basic education,and“staying or retention on the positions”is an important guarantee for achieving high-quality development of rural education.However,the current problem of“not being able to retain”remains a bottleneck in the construction of rural teacher teams.Through the analysis of relevant academic views and field research,16 key factors affecting the retention of rural teachers are extracted.Based on the ISM(interpretative structural modeling),the hierarchical relationship diagram of influencing factors is constructed to clarify the relationship and action path among factors.It is found out that the willingness to stay or not to stay of rural teachers is affected by complex factors,and the logical relationship between the factors follows multi-level and hierarchical principle.Education sentiments and job satisfaction at the surface level are the direct factors affecting the retention of rural teachers,and the influence path is the shortest.In addition,the middle level is composed of multiple factors such as team support,teaching and research platforms,salary and benefits,and educational enthusiasm,which affect the surface factors in multiple ways and have an impact on the retention of rural teachers.The fundamental factors composed of material security,disciplinary alignment,and teaching environment gradually affect the educational sentiments and job satisfaction on the surface through the middle layer,thus forming underlying factors that affect the retention of rural teachers.Therefore,in order to retain rural teachers,efforts should be made from consolidating the basic needs for teachers,optimizing the internal governance system of rural schools,and cultivating rural teachers’sentiments of rural education so as to strengthen the willingness of rural teachers to stay and boost rural education to achieve high-quality development.
作者 张学敏 尹春杰 ZHANG Xuemin;YIN Chunjie
出处 《湖北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 北大核心 2024年第4期158-168,共11页 Journal of Hubei Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金 国家社科基金重大项目“西部农村和民族地区人力资本培育的方式和路径选择研究”(22&ZD065) 重庆市人文社科重点研究基地重庆市统筹城乡教师教育研究中心课题“教育预防返贫长效机制研究”(JDKT202205)。
关键词 乡村教师 留任因素 ISM解释结构模型 乡村教育 rural teachers retention factors interpretative structural modeling rural education
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