摘要
中国历史上的王朝中期,存在周期性出现的共性现象:制度丛脞、行政低效、风俗颓坏、国势衰微。可以概括为“中叶困境”。“中叶困境”是与王朝体制伴生的、难以克服的制度病、政治病,能够看到一条积弊生成并延长的线索,即使有“中兴”提振,也难以真正挽回政治生命力的衰退。中叶困境是“总体性衰微”,可以从“制度-风俗”一体并重的双中心框架来分析,其形成动力机制是“积弊”。作为王朝兴衰周期的“中叶”在政治思想史上定格,是传统中国治道积淀的重要成果,是士大夫的历史“同时代感”的重要表现。以严复为代表的思想家,从王朝兴衰周期的长时段视野中思考清代中晚期的政治社会颓相。认为只有再造“法意”,走出王朝体制,建立现代国家政治体系,才能克服积弊的困境。
This article attempts to reflect on the political and social decline of the mid to late Qing Dynasty from a long-term perspective of the rise and fall cycle of dynasties.In the mid dynastic period of Chinese history,there were cyclical common phenomena:institutional fragmentation,inefficient administration,decadent customs,and declining national power.They can be summarized as the"middle leaf dilemma".The middle stage dilemma is a"overall decline",which can be analyzed from the dual center framework of"system customs"integration,and its driving mechanism is"accumulated drawbacks".As the"middle period"of the rise and fall cycle of dynasties,it has been fixed in the history of political thought and is an important achievement of the accumulation of traditional Chinese governance.It is also an important manifestation of the historical"contemporaneity"of literati.The"middle period dilemma"is an insurmountable institutional and political illness that accompanies the dynastic system.Even with the boost of the Zhongxing("中兴")movement,it is difficult to truly restore the decline of political vitality.From this perspective,one can see a clue to the generation and extension of accumulated shortcomings in the history of the mid to late Qing Dynasty.The thinkers represented by Yan Fu believe that only by reconstructing"legal meaning",breaking away from the dynastic system,and establishing a modern national political system,can we overcome the dilemma of accumulated drawbacks.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第7期173-189,204,共18页
Academic Monthly
关键词
中叶困境
制度风俗
积弊
middle period dilemma
system
customs
accumulated drawbacks
