摘要
当前网约车人身侵权损害案件的司法裁判存在较多争议,主要体现在对网约车平台与司机之间法律关系的认定以及网约车平台的责任承担方式上。在司法实践中,部分法院认定平台与网约车司机之间构成雇佣关系,部分认定为挂靠关系,还有部分法院认为二者之间不具有法律关系。为了统一裁判,明确网约车侵权案件当中责任分担问题,应当根据不同的运营模式来确定网约车平台与司机之间的法律关系、厘清主体之间的责任承担。在专业雇佣模式下,平台与司机之间构成劳动关系,平台需要承担用人单位责任;在租赁代驾模式下,平台与司机之间是用工单位与劳务提供者的关系,平台需要根据《民法典》的规定承担侵权责任,并可向有过错的劳务派遣单位追偿;在社会兼职模式下,平台承担责任的法律依据是《电子商务法》第38条第2款,在违反安全保障义务时,平台需要承担相应责任,其中“相应责任”包括了连带责任与补充责任两种情形。
Currently,there are many disputes in the judicial decisions on the online car infringement cases,which are mainly reflected in the determination of the legal relationship between the online car platforms and the drivers,as well as the methods of the online car platforms to bear civil liability.In the specific judicial practice,some courts recognize the relationship between the online car platforms and the drivers as an employment relationship,some recognize it as an affiliated relationship,and some courts hold that there is no legal relationship between them.In order to unify the decisions and clarify the issue of liability allocation in the online car infringement cases,the legal relationship between the platforms and the drivers should be determined according to the different operation modes of online cars,and the liabilities beard by the subjects should be clarified.In the professional employment mode,the platforms and the drivers constitute a labor relationship,so the platforms need to bear the responsibility of the employer;in the leasing substitute driving mode,the relationship between the platforms and the drivers is the relationship between the employer and the labor provider,so the platforms need to bear tort liability in accordance with the Civil Code,and can claim contribution to the labor dispatching institutions with fault;in the part-time mode,the legal basis for the platforms to bear liability is Article 38 Paragraph 2 of the Electronic Commerce Law,which provides that the platforms need to bear corresponding liability in cases of violation of security obligations,in which the“corresponding liability”includes two kinds of situations,namely,joint and several liability and supplementary liability.
作者
曲宁宁
QU Ningning(China University of Political Science and Law,School of Oline Education,Beijing 100088;Tahota(Shenzhen)Law Firm,Shenzhen Guangdong 518000)
出处
《牡丹江大学学报》
2024年第8期42-49,共8页
Journal of Mudanjiang University
基金
2022年度国家社会科学基金项目“新发展阶段资本规范健康发展的经济法保障研究”(项目批准号:22CFX037)。
关键词
网约车侵权
责任分担
安全保障义务
连带责任
补充责任
online car infringement
liability allocation
security obligation
joint and several liability
supplementary liability
