摘要
菌斑生物膜中细菌过度增殖并产生毒力因子,可使种植体周围软硬组织发生炎症病变,导致种植体周围炎。种植体周围炎控制不佳,严重时可导致种植体骨结合失败,种植体松动、脱落。目前针对种植体周围炎主要采取手术和非手术治疗(如机械性清洁和化学药物应用)的方式,但仍存在疗效不可预期且复发率较高的问题。因此,深入理解种植体周围炎与菌斑生物膜的关系,对于预防和治疗种植体周围炎至关重要。本文从种植体表面菌斑生物膜成分、形成过程、种植体材料特性对菌斑生物膜的影响等方面对相关文献进行回顾。文献回顾结果显示,种植体表面菌斑生物膜由细胞外基质和嵌入其中的以革兰氏阴性厌氧菌为主的微生物组成,形成过程包括获得性膜的形成、微生物的黏附以及生物膜分离扩散;种植体主要通过表面粗糙度、表面自由能(surface free energy,SFE)和材料性质影响菌斑生物膜的形成。目前防止和清除种植体表面生物膜的策略主要包括种植体表面涂层技术、机械性清洁、化学药物应用、激光疗法和光动力疗法,治疗效果仍存在不确定性。未来的研究方向将以种植体表面菌斑生物膜的特点为基础,结合纳米技术、免疫治疗和基因治疗等前沿手段,持久抑制种植体表面的菌斑生物膜形成,以预防和治疗种植体周围炎。
Bacterial overproliferation and virulence factors in plaque biofilms can cause inflammation of soft and hard tissues around the implant,resulting in peri-implantitis.If not well controlled,severe peri-implantitis can lead to failure of implant osseointegration and implant loosening and loss.Currently,peri-implantitis can be treated by surgical and non-surgical treatment such as mechanical debridement and chemotherapy,but there remain problems related to the unpredictable therapeutic effect and high recurrence rate.Therefore,gaining a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plaque biofilm formation and peri-implantitis is crucial for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis.In this article,we comprehensively review current research on the specific composition and formation process of biofilms and the influence of implant material characteristics on biofilm formation.The results of the research review indicated that peri-implantitis biofilms are composed of extracellular matrix,with a predominant population of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria embedded within.The formation process includes the acquisition of an acquired membrane,microbial adhesion,and biofilm detachment and dispersion.Biofilm formation is primarily influenced by the implant surface roughness,surface free energy(SFE),and material properties.Current strategies for biofilm removal around implants mainly involve implant surface coating techniques,mechanical debridement,chemical agents,laser therapy,and photodynamic therapy;however,the therapeutic outcomes remain uncertain.The future research direction will be based on the characteristics of the plaque biofilm around the implant,combined with cutting-edge methods,such as nanotechnology,immunotherapy,and gene therapy,to continuously prevent the formation of plaque biofilm on the surface of the implant to prevent and treat peri-implantitis.
作者
文言
王宇蓝
WEN Yan;WANG Yulan(State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education,Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology,School&Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)
出处
《口腔疾病防治》
2024年第9期730-736,共7页
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(82101019)。
关键词
种植体周围炎
细菌
生物膜
牙菌斑
种植体表面
获得性膜
表面涂层技术
纳米技术
激光疗法
光动力疗法
peri⁃implantitis
bacteria
biofilm
dental plaque
implant surface
acquired membrane
sur⁃face coating techniques
nanotechnology
laser therapy
photodynamic therapy
