摘要
葛兰言的作品有一条主线——社会凝聚及其演化,这一主线的学术背景应该首先定位于20世纪初法国社会学与历史学关于方法论的论争,这是葛兰言以社会学范式来书写长时段历史的学术实践。葛兰言认为,中国社会从上古时期到封建时期经历了社会凝聚及其原则的演化,从乡村宗教中约婚群体的互惠原则到神话时代政治群体的声望原则,再到封建秩序中多种社会凝聚形式与原则相互交叠,声望原则被荣誉原则抑制和平衡,此时,政治群体和亲属群体也彻底难分彼此。葛兰言跨越《诗经》研究、神话研究、礼仪文本和亲属制度研究,只是为了不断追随这一基本的问题线索。对葛兰言工作的整体性理解为我们呈现了从“社会学年鉴学派”的理论预设出发所确立的历史社会学范式。这个范式借助中国文献所刻画的社会形态,既为我们利用现代社会科学研究中国经典文本提供了一条可行之道,也为重新理解中国上古时期的历史提供了重要的理论启发。
This paper endeavors to elucidate a central theme in Marcel Granet’s oeuvres:the issue of social cohesion and its evolution.This inquiry should be situated firstly within the academic context of the methodological debate between sociology and history in France at the beginning of the twentieth century.As a disciple of L’Année sociologique,Granet aimed to reconstruct ancient Chinese history through a sociological lens,thereby pioneering a historiographical paradigm that was non-individualistic,indifferent to chronology,and dedicated to uncovering objective laws.Granet observes a shift from the principle of reciprocity within marriage groups in the peasant era to the principle of political prestige in the mythological era,culminating in the overlapping of multiple forms and principles of social cohesion during the feudal order.During this period,the principle of prestige was supplanted and balanced by the principle of honor.At this time,the political group and the kinship group were also completely indistinguishable from each other.Through his analysis of Chinese history,Granet employed sociological theories to interpret historical materials,thereby challenging the epistemological and political foundations of traditional historiography.His study of feudalism,in particular,reflects his response to contemporary political concerns.It is crucial to recognize that Granet’s interpretation of ancient China stands in stark contrast to the traditions established by the Chinese historiographical revolution of the 20th century.This divergence not only explains why Granet’s work has been misinterpreted and neglected but also underscores the necessity of reassessing his academic contributions.Granet’s innovative use of Chinese texts to deduce various forms of social cohesion offers a viable methodology for applying modern social sciences to the study of classical Chinese texts.Furthermore,his work provides profound theoretical insights that are instrumental in reinterpreting the history of ancient China.
作者
张雨欣
ZHANG Yuxin(Research Institute on East Asia,National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations,France)
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期179-207,共29页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
葛兰言
社会凝聚
演化
互惠
声望
荣誉
Marcel Granet
social cohesion
evolution
reciprocity
prestige
honor
