摘要
废钢是一种大固态铁素原料,其在转炉中替代铁水进行冶炼,能够有效减少炼钢过程的煤耗和废气排放。近年来,随着废钢产量的不断增长,对“碳达峰”和“碳中和”有迫切需求,高废钢比炼钢技术已经成为转炉炼钢技术发展的重要方向。总结了国内外对废钢的利用现状,发现中国的综合废钢比低于其他国家,但转炉废钢消耗量明显逐年递增。在转炉工艺中,提高废钢比会对废钢的熔化行为、脱磷反应、转炉耐材侵蚀以及转炉终点控制等方面造成影响。增大废钢比会降低转炉内温度,通过对炼钢过程进行动态建模来研究炉内废钢的熔化行为的演变过程。脱磷反应的进行需要合适的炉渣碱度,提高废钢比后需要通过少渣冶炼等技术手段来维持合适的炉渣碱度。废钢的加入除了对炉衬进行物理冲击外,还会间接影响到炉渣成分及渣量,从而加重了转炉耐材的侵蚀程度。转炉开吹点火的难度受废钢比的影响,进而降低转炉终点控制的准确度。国内外钢铁企业研发了Jet Process工艺、SMP工艺和二次燃烧氧枪等技术来降低高废钢比带来的不利影响,但这些工艺都存在着提高幅度有限的缺点。因此,有必要寻找更经济、更易掌握的高废钢比转炉技术。
Steel scrap is a significant solid ferrite raw material,which can replace molten iron for smelting in the converter and effectively reduce coal consumption and waste gas emissions in the steelmaking process.In recent years,with the continuous growth of scrap steel production,there is an urgent need for"peak carbon dioxide emissions"and"carbon neutrality".High steel scrap ratio steelmaking technology has become an important direction for the development of converter steelmaking technology.The current situation of steel scrap utilization at home and abroad was summarized,it was found that China's comprehensive steel scrap ratio is lower than that of other countries,but the converter steel scrap consumption has increased significantly year by year.In the converter process,increasing the scrap ratio will affect the melting behavior of scrap,dephosphorization reaction,converter refractory erosion,and converter end point control.Increasing the scrap ratio will reduce the temperature in the converter,and the evolution of the melting behavior of scrap in the furnace can be studied by dynamic modeling of the steelmaking process.The dephosphorization reaction requires appropriate slag alkalinity.After increasing the scrap ratio,technical means such as slag-less smelting are required to maintain appropriate slag alkalinity.The addition of scrap steel not only has a physical impact on the furnace lining,but also indirectly affects the composition and amount of slag,thereby increasing the degree of corrosion of converter refractory materials.The difficulty of blowing and igniting the converter is affected by the scrap ratio,which in turn reduces the accuracy of the converter end point control.Domestic and foreign steel companies have developed technologies such as Jet Process,SMP,and secondary combustion oxygen lance to reduce the adverse effects of high scrap ratio,but these processes have the disadvantage of limited improvement.Therefore,exploring more economical and manageable converter technologies with high scrap steel r
作者
田春健
臧喜民
张利武
张永娇
孔令种
王志英
TIAN Chunjian;ZANG Ximin;ZHANG Liwu;ZHANG Yongjiao;KIONG Lingzhong;WANG Zhiying(School of Material and Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology,Anshan 114051,Liaoning,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,Liaoning,China;Shiheng Special Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Taian 271612,Shandong,China)
出处
《钢铁研究学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期692-706,共15页
Journal of Iron and Steel Research
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274337,52174317,52074151)
辽宁省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2022JH2/101300079)。
关键词
转炉炼钢
高废钢比
废钢熔化
脱磷
耐材侵蚀
转炉终点钢液温度
converter steelmaking
high steel scrap ratio
steel scrap melting
dephosphorization
refractory ero-sion
liquid steel temperature at the end of the converter
