摘要
【目的】探究省力化栽培模式梨园土壤含水率分布特征及其耗水规律。【方法】以2021—2023年库尔勒省力化栽培模式香梨为研究对象,设置4种地表滴灌定额(3750(W0)、5250(W1)、6750(W2)、8250 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)),并以漫灌为对照(10000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK)),研究滴灌定额对香梨耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】灌溉定额增加,土壤含水率上升;土壤水分变异系数、香梨产量随灌溉定额呈先升高后降低趋势,W2处理产量(7285.91 kg/hm^(2))较其他处理高1.4%~20.89%;滴灌定额增加,导致香梨水分利用效率和灌溉水利用系数下降。滴灌香梨全生育期耗水量为444.83~695.27 mm,香梨果实迅速膨大前期与果实迅速膨大期耗水量占比最高。果实迅速膨大期耗水强度最高为3.77~6.16 mm/d;2021—2023年W3处理香梨耗水量较W0、W1、W2处理高10.11%~36.02%,2023年W2处理香梨耗水量较2021、2022年高3.74%~7.15%,W2处理果实迅速膨大期耗水强度为4.71~5.48 mm/d。滴灌香梨生育期作物系数为0.48~0.84,萌芽期花期、果实迅速膨大前期作物系数低于FAO的标准参考值,果实迅速膨大期、收获期作物系数分别为0.7~1.07、0.72~1.21。【结论】推荐地表滴灌的库尔勒香梨生育期灌溉定额不低于6750 m^(3)/hm^(2)。
【Objective】Fragrant pear is a cash crop in Northwestern China and its growth relies on irrigation.This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of drip irrigation amount on water consumption of the pear as well as water distribution in soil.【Method】The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 in a pear orchard in Korla in Xinjiang.It consisted of four irrigation amount treatments:3750(W0),5250(W1),6750(W2)and 8250 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3).The control is surface flooding irrigationwith an irrigation amount of 10000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK).For each treatment,we measured the change in soil water content and water consumption of the pears.【Result】Increasing irrigation amount led to an increase in soil watercontent.With the increase in irrigation amount,the variation coefficient of soil water content and fruit yield of the pear both increased first followed by a decline.The W2 treatment gave the highest fruit yield(7285.91 kg/hm^(2)),1.4%to 20.89%higherthan that in other treatments.The water use efficiency and irrigation water use coefficient both decreased as the irrigation amount increased.Throughout the entire growth period,water consumption of the pear varied from 444.83 to 695.27 mm.Water consumption during the rapid fruit expansion period of the pear,especially in the early stage,was the highest,varying from 3.77 to 6.16 mm/d.From 2021 to 2023,water consumption of the pear in W3was 10.11%to 36.02%more than that in other treatments.In 2023,the water consumption of the pear in W2 was 3.74%to 7.15%higher than that in 2021 and 2022,in which the water consumption during rapid fruit expansion period of the pear varied from 4.71 to 5.48 mm/d.The crop coefficient of the pear during its entire growing period varied from 0.48 to 0.84.During the budburst and flowering stages,and the early stage in the rapid fruit expansion period,the crop coefficient of the pear was lower than that estimated from the FAO standard,while during the entire rapid fruit expansion and harvesting stage,the crop coefficient
作者
张景瑞
王春霞
马建江
王佳鑫
王宏鑫
周方圆
李彦杰
王远
ZHANG Jingrui;WANG Chunxia;MA Jianjiang;WANG Jiaxin;WANG Hongxin;ZHOU Fangyuan;LI Yanjie;WANG Yuan(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,China;Agricultural Scientific Institute of 2nd Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
2024年第7期29-38,共10页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2021DB012,2022DB020)
国家自然科学基金项目(U1803244)。
关键词
滴灌
香梨
省力化模式
耗水规律
水分利用效率
drip irrigation
fragrant pear
labor-saving mode
water consumption law
water use efficiency
