摘要
【目的】研究滴灌冬灌调控下干播湿出对棉田水盐分布及棉花出苗率的影响。【方法】设置大田试验,以漫灌冬灌2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)为对照(CK),设计2种灌水模式:滴灌冬灌(D)及滴灌冬灌+干播湿出(DG),4个滴灌定额为600、900、1200、1500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(分别记作D_(1)、D_(2)、D_(3)、D_(4));滴灌冬灌+干播湿出(分别记作D_(1)G_(1)、D_(2)G_(2)、D_(3)G_(3)、D_(4)G_(4),G_(1)、G_(2)、G_(3)和G_(4)灌水定额均为225(45+180)m^(3)/hm^(2))4个处理,2个灌水定额:0、225(45+180)m^(3)/hm^(2),共9个处理,研究不同灌溉定额下滴灌冬灌及翌年各处理基础上干播湿出后土壤水热盐动态及棉花出苗状况。【结果】干播湿出可缓和早春气温与土壤表层温度的突变,早春渠水会降低土壤表层温度1~2℃,干播湿出对10和20 cm土层的温度影响较为显著,对比CK处理,干播湿出后的处理10~20 cm土层温度升高趋势较为平缓。对比漫灌方式滴灌水分入渗更为均匀,滴灌冬灌灌溉定额越大土温越为平稳,土壤表层平均含水率越高,干播湿出后表层含水率显著增高。灌水定额D_(4)G_(4)为(1500+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)的处理10 d后仍高于其他处理表层体积含水率处理,灌水总额D_(3)G_(3)为(1200+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)的表层平均含水率高于CK处理,总灌水量较CK处理节省了825 m^(3)/hm^(2)。干播湿出后窄行表层盐分淋洗效果显著,水分下渗和盐分运移区域集中在0~30 cm土层,棉花萌芽期根系主要分布在0~30 cm土层。滴灌冬灌定额越大其对土壤表层的盐分纵向淋洗和运移也越明显且土层墒情越均匀,返盐现象也越容易出现,增添干播湿出可及时补墒并压制返盐现象。【结论】滴灌冬灌加干播湿出的出苗率和保苗率要高于仅滴灌冬灌,灌水定额D_(3)G_(3)为(1200+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)的出苗率和保苗率要高于普通漫灌。
【Objective】To find a more reasonable irrigation system in the dry cotton field area.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out to study and analyze the dynamics of soil water,heat and salt and the emergence of cotton seedlings after drip irrigation in winter under different irrigation quotas and on the basis of different treatments in the next year.With the flood irrigation quota of 2,250 m^(3)/hm^(2)as the control(CK),four gradient irrigation quotas were designed under the two irrigation modes of drip irrigation(D)and drip irrigation under the control of dry seeding and wet discharge(DG),4 drip irrigation quotais 600,900,1,200,1,500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(D_(1),D_(2),D_(3),D_(4));Under the control of drip irrigation in winter,two irrigation quotas of dry seeding(D_(1)G_(1),D_(2)G_(2),D_(3)G_(3),D_(4)G_(4);The Errigation quota of G_(1),G_(2),G_(3)and G_(4)is 225(45+180)m^(3)/hm^(2))and wet production were 0 and 225(45+180)m^(3)/hm^(2),a total of 9 treatments.【Results】The results showed that dry-sowing and wet-out could alleviate the sudden change of temperature and soil surface temperature in early spring,and the canal water in early spring would reduce the soil surface temperature by 1-2℃.The dry-sowing and wet-out had a significant impact on the temperature of 10 and 20 cm soil layers.Compared with CK treatment,the temperature of 10-20 cm soil layer after dry-sowing and wet-out treatment increased more gently.Compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation was more uniform in water infiltration.The larger the irrigation quota of drip irrigation in winter,the more stable the soil temperature would be,the higher the average soil surface moisture content was,and the higher the surface moisture content would be after dry seeding and wetting.After 10 days of treatment,the volume water content of the surface layer with the irrigation quota of D_(4)G_(4)(1,500+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)was still higher than that of other treatments.The average water content of the surface layer with the total irrigation amount of D_(3)G_(3)
作者
王晓艳
白云岗
柴仲平
郑明
丁宇
刘洪波
肖军
韩政宇
WANG Xiaoyan;BAI Yungang;CHAI Zhongping;ZHENG Ming;DING Yu;LIU Hongbo;XIAO Jun;HAN Zhengyu(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期823-834,共12页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“棉田高效节水技术及产品开发集成与应用”(2020A01002-1)。
关键词
棉花
膜下滴灌
冬灌
灌水定额
干播湿出
cotton
drip irrigation under film
winter irrigation
irrigation quota
dry sowing and wet out
