摘要
为减少低凹陷露天矿装载扬尘对作业人员职业健康和外部环境污染的不利影响,依据气-固两相流理论,采用Fluent数值模拟方法,对不同开采深度条件下的低凹陷露天矿采装工作面装载扬尘的运移规律和质量浓度分布特征进行研究。研究结果表明:开采深度对装载扬尘扩散方式和呼吸带高度处装载扬尘质量浓度的影响显著;当开采深度H=0 m时,受矿车的阻挡作用发生方柱扰流,装载扬尘颗粒逸出车厢后,沿X轴方向线性扩散,扩散距离随扩散时间延长而增大;当开采深度H>0 m时,采场风流在台阶处发生流动分离,形成与开采深度同高的风流漩涡,装载扬尘颗粒逸出车厢后,随着大结构漩涡向四周扩散;随着开采深度增加,装载扬尘颗粒沿X轴扩散距离逐渐减小,沿Z轴运移扩散距离增大,矿车下风向呼吸带高度处装载扬尘质量浓度超标影响范围减小,装载扬尘在呼吸带高度上的质量浓度随扩散时间增加而逐渐降低,并在t=100 s时降低至职业接触限值8 mg/m3以下。本文研究为合理确定装载扬尘的污染影响范围和制定有效的装载扬尘治理措施提供决策参考。
In order to reduce the negative impact of loading dust on the occupational health of workers and external environmental pollution in low-concave open-pit mines,Fluent numerical simulation method is used to study the transportation law and mass concentration distribution characteristics of loading dust in the face of low-concave open-pit mines under the conditions of different mining depth conditions based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow.The results show that the mining depth has a significant influence on the loading dust diffusion mode and the loading dust mass concentration at the height of the breathing zone.When the mining depth H=0 m,the square column disturbance occurs due to the blocking effect of the ore car,and the loading dust particles escape from the cars and spread linearly along the X-axis,and the diffusion distance increases with the prolongation of diffusion time.When the mining depth H>0 m,the wind flow in the quarry at the step occurred flow separation,forming a large wind flow vortex with the same height as the mining depth.The loading dust particles escaped from the cars and diffuse around with the large structure vortex.With the increase of mining depth,the diffusion distance of loading dust particles along the X-axis gradually decreases,and the diffusion distance along the Z-axis increases,and the influence range of loading dust mass concentration exceeding the standard at the height of breathing zone downwind of the ore car decreases,and the mass concentration of the loading dust at the height of the breathing zone gradually decreases with the increase of the diffusion time and decreases to the occupational exposure limit of 8 mg/m3 or less at t=100 s.This paper provides decision-making reference for reasonably determining the pollution impact range of loading dust and formulating effective loading dust control measures.
作者
柯丽华
杨玄保
蒋玉文
张光权
余晓轲
贺振祥
黄兆云
KE Lihua;YANG Xuanbao;JIANG Yuwen;ZHANG Guangquan;YU Xiaoke;HE Zhenxiang;HUANG Zhaoyun(School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Province Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Jingshen Security Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430081,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2024年第7期142-148,共7页
China Mining Magazine
基金
湖北省安全生产专项资助(编号:SJZX20211004)
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“露天石灰石矿复合型抑尘剂的研制”资助(编号:202210488009)。
关键词
装载扬尘
低凹陷露天矿
开采深度
采装作业
气-固两相流
数值模拟
loading dust
low-concave open-pit mine
mining depth
loading operation
gas-solid two-phase flow
numerical simulation
