摘要
铀及铀合金是重要的核工业材料,在国防科技和核能领域具有广泛应用。金属铀的化学性质非常活泼,极易被环境气氛中的O_(2)、H_(2)O等气体氧化腐蚀,尤其是当H_(2)O存在时更易失效,导致其力学性能和核反应性能降低。铀铌合金作为一种重要的铀合金材料,具有良好的抗腐蚀性,但仍难以避免长期贮存过程中的表面氧化腐蚀。经过国内外数十年的研究,铀材料在典型气氛中的腐蚀规律已较为明确,但对其腐蚀机理的深入认识一直存在分歧。本文归纳和总结了铀及铀铌合金在水汽、水氧混合气氛等潮湿环境中的腐蚀行为研究工作,讨论和评述了各反应阶段的腐蚀机理,最后对铀及铀铌合金在潮湿气氛中的氧化动力学,H_(2)O和O_(2)在铀材料表面的吸附解离、微观扩散机制及UH3等中间产物的演化等方面进行了展望。
Uranium and uranium alloys are important materials for the nuclear industry,which are widely used in the fields of defense science and technology and nuclear energy.Uranium metal is highly susceptible to oxidation during storage due to its high chemical reactivity,resulting a decline of mechanical properties and nuclear reaction performance.And it is more prone to failure,especially when H_(2)O exists.As an important type of uranium alloy material,uranium-niobium alloy has decent corrosion resistance.Unfortunately,it is still difficult to avoid surface oxidative corrosion during long-term storage.After decades of research at home and abroad,the corrosion law of uranium materials in typical atmospheres has been relatively clear,but consensus on the in-depth understanding of the corrosive mechanism has not entirely been reached yet.This paper summarizes and concludes the research work on the corrosive behavior of uranium and uranium-niobium alloys in humid environments such as anoxic and oxygenated water vapor.The corrosive mechanisms at each reaction stage are discussed and reviewed.Finally,we provide research perspectives on several controversial scientific issues,including the oxidative kinetics of uranium and uranium-niobium alloys in moist atmospheres,the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O and O_(2)on the surface of uranium materials,the microscopic diffusion mechanisms and the evolution of intermediates such as UH 3.
作者
丁茜
李海波
廖俊生
DING Qian;LI Haibo;LIAO Junsheng(Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory,Mianyang 621700,Sichuan,China;Institute of Material Science,Chinese Academic of Engineering and Physics,Mianyang 621700,Sichuan,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期169-179,共11页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(22073084)。
关键词
铀
铀铌合金
潮湿气氛
腐蚀行为
腐蚀机理
uranium
U-Nb alloys
moist environments
oxidative corrosion
corrosive mechanism
