摘要
压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response, PSR)模型在国内外生态环境研究领域中应用十分广泛,但有关该模型指标遴选的适宜性和科学性则较少受到重视,导致模型在实际应用中存在指标的套用、误用、混用等现象。通过对国内外100多篇PSR模型应用研究文献的梳理与分析,认为:(1)PSR模型的实质是对人地关系的适应、反应与响应的评估,压力(Pressure)更多源于人类活动对自然资源的利用方式与强度,状态(State)是人类活动压力下生态环境自身的质与量的表现,响应(Response)则是对谋求人地关系和谐所做出的制度安排,PSR模型指标遴选宜与之相契合。(2)目前国内外PSR模型应用主要存在内生性(Endogeneity)、矢量性(Vectority)、指示性(Indexicality)、针对性(Pertinence)等四个方面的缺憾。(3)忽视研究目标的指向性、科学问题的针对性、研究对象的特殊性、人地关系的复杂性以及研究者的主观性等,是造成PSR模型应用陷阱的主要因素。最后,本文提出PSR模型的优化与改善路径,以期为生态环境领域的PSR理论实证和实践应用提供参考。
The Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model is widely used in the field of ecological and environmental research at home and abroad,but less attention is paid to the appropriateness and scientificity of the selection of the model indicators.This leads to a variety of problems in the practical application of the model,such as the mechanical application and misuses.This study presented a review and analysis of more than 100 domestic and international literature on the application of PSR models.The results show that:(1)The essence of the PSR model is an assessment of adaptation,reaction and response to human-land relations.Pressure is more a result of the way and intensity of human activity on natural resources.State is the change of the ecological environment in a specific period of time,which is the"qualitative"and"quantitative"expression of the ecological environment under the pressure of human activities.Response is an institutional and operational arrangement that seeks to harmonize human-land relations.The PSR indicator selection is appropriate to fit.(2)At present,there are four main deficiencies in the application of PSR models at home and abroad,including Endogeneity,Vectority,Indexicality,and Pertinence.In particular,Endogeneity is reflected in the omission of important variables;associativity bias;and self-selection bias.Vectority is reflected in the researcher′s own neglect of the directionality of the indicators;the possible inversion of the positive and negative indicators;and the threshold effect of the indicator itself.Indexicality is reflected in the fact that the“Pressure”variable indicators are not effective in indicating human pressures on ecosystems;the“State”variable indicators are not effective in indicating the timely state of ecosystems;and the“Response”variable indicators are not effective in indicating human society responses.Pertinence is reflected in the relevance of different scientific issues and the specificity of different research subjects.(3)Neglecting the directionality of
作者
马小宾
章锦河
郭丽佳
杨良健
王静玮
MA Xiaobin;ZHANG Jinhe;GUO Lijia;YANG Liangjian;WANG Jingwei(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Huangshan National Park Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Huangshan 245899,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期4923-4932,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42271251)。
