摘要
目的了解呼和浩特市大气中PM_(2.5)中重金属及类金属的污染特征,分析主要来源,评估其健康危害水平。方法2021年,按月在呼和浩特市城区进行空气PM_(2.5)采样,分析质量浓度特征及变化规律。通过主成分分析法对12种金属及类金属的来源进行解析;用美国环保署的健康风险评估模型对其中9种污染物进行健康风险评价。结果在收集到的146份样本中,PM_(2.5)、As、Ni、Mn分别有41、2、1、7份超过了标准限值,Cr超标103份(占70.55%),实际超标7.4倍;PM_(2.5)中重金属及类金属主要来源有燃煤源、交通源、钢铁冶金工业源和地壳源;非致癌健康风险水平较低。As和Cr致癌风险均处于10^(-6)~10^(-4),潜在致癌风险。结论呼和浩特市大气PM_(2.5)及其重金属、类金属的质量浓度在采暖期较高,且PM_(2.5)中重金属及类金属的主要来源为复合源,需多方面加强管控措施。成年人健康风险随着年龄的增加而增加,60岁以上老人、儿童的健康风险水平均较高。
Objective To understand the pollution characteristics and main sources of heavy metals and metalloids in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Hohhot City,and to evaluate their health hazards.Methods Atmospheric PM_(2.5)sampling was conducted monthly in the urban area of Hohhot City in 2021,and the characteristics and changing rules of mass concentration were analyzed.The sources of 12 metals and metalloids were analyzed through principal component analysis.The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency’s health risk assessment model was applied to performing a health risk assessment of 9 pollutants.Results Among the 146 samples collected,41,2,1 and 7 samples exceeded the standard limits for PM_(2.5),As,Ni and Mn respectively.Cr in 103(70.55%)samples exceeded the standard limit,with an actual exceeding limit of 7.4 times.The main sources of heavy metals and metalloids in PM_(2.5)included coal-fired sources,transportation sources,steel and metallurgical industry sources and crustal sources.The level of non-carcinogenic health risk was relatively low.Both As and Cr had carcinogenic risks ranging from 10^(-6)to 10^(-4),indicating potential carcinogenic risks.Conclusion The mass concentrations of atmospheric PM_(2.5)and its heavy metals and metalloids in Hohhot City are higher during the heating period,and the main sources of heavy metals and metalloids in atmospheric PM_(2.5)are compound sources.Hence it is necessary to strengthen control measures in various aspects.Adults’health risk increases with the increasing age,and the health risk levels of the elderly aged above 60 years and children are higher.
作者
武多多
杨升美
蒲云霞
魏娜娜
杨剑业
张晨光
岳宣志
李欢
张雯宇
贾芯芮
韩见弘
张学泽
张金锁
王文瑞
范耀春
WU Duoduo;YANG Shengmei;PU Yunxia;WEI Nana;YANG Jianye;ZHANG Chenguang;YUE Xuanzhi;LI Huan;ZHANG Wenyu;JIA Xinrui;HAN Jianhong;ZHANG Xueze;ZHANG Jinsuo;WANG Wenrui;FAN Yaochun(Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014040,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010080,China;Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010059,China;Hohhot Sub-Station,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Station,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China;Huimin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010030,China;Saihan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010020,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2024年第6期661-666,共6页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
2022年度内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(202201156)。
