摘要
美国页岩气革命既是一部科技创新史,也是近代人类能源产业发展的里程碑事件。在应对全球气候变化的背景下,全球能源系统将发生深刻变革,诸多新兴清洁能源产业将成为未来能源系统的主力军,并迎来“页岩气革命式”的跨越发展。本文聚焦美国页岩气革命成功案例,以科技创新驱动机制为研究主线,从战略意义、发展历程、创新模式和经验启示四方面开展研究分析,以探究美国页岩气革命成功背后的创新驱动机制。研究发现:(1)页岩气革命提升了美国油气生产率、降低了能源消费成本、实现了能源独立目标、推动了电力系统低碳转型。(2)美国页岩气革命历经早期发现、科学探索、技术突破和成熟发展四个阶段。(3)美国构建了以政府为主导,中小型油气公司为主力军,行业协会和技术服务公司联合参与的页岩气科技创新模式。(4)科技创新使地质型资源对资源禀赋的依赖度逐步降低,成为应对全球气候变化的最优动力源。结合“双碳”背景下我国能源系统发展现状,从政府投入、企业研发和创新氛围等角度提出政策建议。研究成果以期为“双碳”背景下我国清洁能源产业高质量发展提供参考和启示。
The U.S.shale gas revolution has not only made history in science and technology innovation,but also represents a mile-stone in the development of modern energy industry.In the context of addressing global climate change,the global energy system will be profoundly transformed,with many new clean energy industries emerging as the mainstay of the future energy system and the shale gas taking a revolutionary leap forward.With a focus on the case of the U.S.shale gas revolution,this paper investigates the innova-tion-driven mechanism behind its success from its strategic significance,development path,innovation pattern and empirical insights,with a view to drawing on the shale gas innovation model to promote the development of China's clean energy industry.This paper finds that:(1)The shale gas revolution has improved the U.S.oil and gas productivity,reduced energy consumption costs,helped achieve energy independence,and promoted a low-carbon transformation of the power system.(2)The U.S.shale gas revolution has gone through four stages including initial discovery,scientific exploration,technology breakthrough,and full-fledged development.(3)The U.S.has built a shale gas innovation pattern with government as the leader,small and medium-sized oil and gas companies as the main force,and industry associations and technology service providers as joint participants.The United States federal government has vigorously promoted the development of the shale gas industry by reorganizing regulatory agencies,launching basic research and de-velopment programs,furthering engineering demonstrations,and formulating preferential tax policies.Small and medium-sized oil and gas companies,represented by Mitchell Energy,have rapidly increased shale gas production in the U.S.by innovating their operation models,independently researching and developing key and core technologies,and continuously conducting engineering experiments.Industry associations,represented by Gas Research Institute,have focused on the research and development of gene
作者
王超
孙福全
许晔
WANG Chao;SUN Fu-quan;XU Ye(Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1312-1321,共10页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
中国博士后科学基金(2021M693105)
国家社会科学基金重大研究专项(21VGQ003)。
关键词
科技创新
页岩气
创新驱动机制
清洁能源
scientific and technological innovation
shale gas
innovation-driven mechanism
clean energy
