摘要
干旱是西北内陆干旱区常见的一种气象水文事件,它的发生对人类生产生活与自然生态造成重要影响。抗旱减灾技术是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及的因素多、技术含量高,是一种工程与非工程措施相结合的复杂技术体系。为使抗旱应急响应从经验化、无序化走向科学化、规范化,该文以新疆塔里木河流域为例,构建了基于建设水库、兴建跨流域调水工程、建立抗旱减灾预警响应与协调联动机制、出台抗旱减灾法规保障措施及水量调度等工程与非工程措施体系。在此基础上,提出了不同干旱情景下,因地制宜、因势利导开展农业高效节水、适时加大地下水开采、协调配置“三生”用水、利用空中云水资源、农业用水结构调整、水量统一调度、跨河流调水、水资源行政协调措施等具有针对性、可操作性的水资源应急调配措施。研究成果对于维护塔里木河流域水安全与社会稳定、保障经济社会高质量发展具有重要现实意义。此外,对于类似流域抗旱减灾水资源应急调配也具有一定参考借鉴价值。
Drought is a common meteorological and hydro-logical event in the inland dry zone of Northwest China,and its occurrence has an important impact on human production and life as well as natural ecology.Drought mitigation technology is a complex systematic project involving many factors and high technical content,and is a complex technical system combining engineering and non-engineering measures.In order to move the drought emergency response from empirical and disorderly to scientific and standardized,the paper takes the Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang as an example,and constructs a system of engineering and non-engineering measures based on the construction of reservoirs,the construction of cross-basin water transfer projects,the establishment of early warning response and coordination mechanisms for drought mitigation,the introduction of drought mitigation regulations and safeguards,and the scheduling of water quantities.On this basis,it puts forward a targeted approach to carry out efficient water conservation in agriculture,increase groundwater extraction at the right time,coordinate the allocation of water for the"three living things",make use of airborne cloud water resources,agricultural water use structural adjustment,unified water quantity dispatching,inter-river water transfers,and water resources administrative coordination measures under different drought scenarios,The water resources emergency deployment measures that are targeted and operable.The research results are of great practical significance for maintaining water security and social stability in the Tarim River Basin,and guaranteeing high-quality economic and social development.In addition,it also has a certain reference value for the emergency deployment of water resources for drought mitigation in similar basins.
作者
张靓
郭法强
魏光辉
ZHANG Liang;GUO Fa-qiang;WEI Guang-hui(Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Management Bureau,Korla 841000,Xinjiang;Henan Province Yu Bei Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd Xinjiang Branch,Urumqi 830000)
出处
《地下水》
2024年第3期217-219,313,共4页
Ground water
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2021D01A101)
国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金重点项目(U2003204)
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022xjkk0103)
水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501059)联合资助。
关键词
抗旱减灾
应急响应
工程措施
非工程措施
塔里木河流域
drought mitigation
emergency response
engineering measure
non-engineering measures
Tarim River Basin
