摘要
网络暴力犯罪不是传统意义上的暴力犯罪,而是侮辱、诽谤等攻击性言论在网络空间的延伸,其本质上属于侮辱、诽谤等犯罪。在网络暴力犯罪治理中,自诉程序是处理网络侮辱诽谤案件的重要程序。我国《刑事诉讼法》将自诉案件开庭审理的证明标准设置为“有足够的证据”,但《刑诉法解释》在自诉案件立案条件中对“有足够的证据”予以解释,将其细化为“有证明被告人犯罪事实的证据”,实现了其法律地位从“开庭证明标准”到“立案证明标准”的转变,它要求法院在自诉案件立案时对案件事实达到70%以上的确信程度。如此之高的立案门槛,会阻碍网络暴力犯罪案件自诉程序的顺利启动,导致网络暴力犯罪案件中公安机关协助取证、法院依申请调取证据、自诉案件和解等诉讼制度失灵,严重制约了网络暴力犯罪案件自诉程序的有效运行。从域外国家和地区的自诉程序来看,它们对自诉程序启动仅从案件范围、主体适格、自诉书内容等形式要件予以限定,并不设置自诉案件立案的证明标准。为了有效治理网络暴力犯罪,需要对亲告罪案件确立“自诉-公诉”的二元化追诉模式;回归我国《刑事诉讼法》的立法本义,取消自诉案件立案要件中对证明标准的要求,明确“有足够的证据”属于自诉案件开庭审理的证明标准;强化自诉案件的庭前审查程序,激活公安机关协助调查、法院调取证据等相关制度。
Cyber violent crime is not a traditional form of violent crime,but an expression of offensive speech such as insult and defamation in cyberspace.Essentially,it belongs to the crime of insult or defamation.In the control of cyber violent crimes,the private prosecution procedure is an important means for handling cases of online insult and defamation.The setting of standard of proof for filing a privates prosecution directly determines whether private prosecution procedure could be initiated,and also affect the effectiveness of the control of cyber violence crimes.The litigation system involved the control of cyber violence crime,such as the assisted investigation of public security bureau,the court obtaining evidence based on applications and criminal reconciliation in private prosecution cases,could also be influenced by the proof standard of case-filing in private prosecution procedures.It could also affect the court's judgment method and structure when there is insufficient evidence in private prosecution cases.The Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China sets'sufficient evidence'as the standard of proof for open a court session.However,the Supreme People's Court's Interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Law has interpreted'sufficient evidence'in the conditions for filing a private prosecution case and defines it as enough evidence to prove the defendant's criminal facts.This makes a shift of its legal status from the'proof standard of open a court session'to the'proof standard of case-filing'which requires courts to reach a certainty of over 70%about the facts in private prosecution cases.The proof standard of case-filing is so high that it will hinder the successful open of private prosecution process in online violence crimes and may lead to the failure of litigation system such as the assistance of public security organs in evidence collection,court access to evidence on application,and criminal reconciliation in private prosecution cases.From the perspective of private prosecution procedur
出处
《当代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期84-96,共13页
Contemporary Law Review
基金
最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“能动检察理念下的职务犯罪侦查研究”(GJ2022D11)的阶段性成果。
