摘要
作为保障国家粮食安全和修复海域生态环境重要举措的海洋牧场,事关建设海洋强国这一国家重大战略的实施,关涉人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化特色,需要与国际法兼容和协调的法治保障。运用文献分析方法,对中国海洋牧场建设和管理立法现状进行梳理,发现:①就立法结构或模式而言,在中央层面,形成了以2001年《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》为基础,以其他涉海法律、法规、规章和其他规范性文件为补充的分散性立法结构;在地方层面,多数沿海省级和设区市级行政区遵循中央分散性立法模式,少数采取省级分散性立法与设区市级综合性立法相结合的模式。②就管理体制来看,海洋牧场采取以地方管理为主、央地共管为辅,综合管理与分散管理相结合的管理体制。基于立法系统性、整体性、协同性和时效性(立法“四性”)视域,运用逻辑和规范分析方法,剖析中国现行立法存在的问题:海洋牧场因不同部门所规定多种类海域的外部界线标准不同且混乱而导致诸多问题,规制海域内水和领海内海洋牧场的法律文件及其规定在外在形式和内在体系上存在缺陷,规范专属经济区内和大陆架上海洋牧场的国内法基本上处于空白状态。提出建构符合立法“四性”的、具有良性品质的海洋牧场法制的路径:一是制定行政法规“海洋牧场管理条例”并以之统筹海洋牧场法律体系的宏观性建构;二是科学地统筹确定不同种类海域的外部界线标准;三是建立科学完备的海洋牧场管理体制机制;四是就专属经济区内和大陆架上的海洋牧场事项作出规定。
As an important initiative to ensure national food security and repair the ecological environment of the sea,marine ranching concerns the implementation of the major national strategy of constructing a strong marine power.It is related to the advancing of a Chi⁃nese modernization characterized by valuing harmony between humanity and nature,and it needs safeguards from the rule of law with compatibility and coordination with international law.Using literature analysis,this study sorts out China's current legislation on the construction and management of marine ranching and finds that:At the central level,a dispersed legislative structure has been formed,based on the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Sea Area Use released in 2001,supplemented by other searelated laws,regulations,rules,and other normative documents.Locally,most coastal provincial-and municipal-level administrations have followed the dispersed legislative structure model,while a few have adopted a model combining the provincial-level dispersed leg⁃islation structure with a comprehensive legislation structure at the municipal level.Furthermore,marine ranching has adopted a man⁃agement system that combines comprehensive and decentralized management with local management as the mainstay and central and lo⁃cal co-management as a supplement.Employing logic and normative analysis methods and from the perspective of the‘four legislative characteristics’(i.e.,systemic,holistic,synergistic,and timely characteristics),this study also analyzes the three existing legislative problems within China's current legislation on the construction and management of marine ranching:confusing external boundary stan⁃dards of different types of sea areas set by different sectors,which have led to many problems in China's marine ranching;deficient le⁃gal documents and their provisions regulating marine ranching in the internal and territorial seas in terms of external form and internal system;and the lack of domestic laws regulating
作者
胡德胜
孙睿恒
HU Desheng;SUN Ruiheng(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期161-171,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“流域和海域环境协同治理的机制与路径研究”(批准号:22&ZD107)。
关键词
海洋牧场
法律体系
管理体制机制
国家管辖海域
立法“四性”
marine ranching
legal system
management institutions and mechanisms
sea area under state jurisdiction
‘four legisla⁃tive characteristics’
