摘要
纵观2008年至今《美国国家安全战略》报告的对华认知,美国对华定位经历了从“伙伴”到“敌手”的转变。奥巴马时期,美对华定位由“朋友”向“中间地带”转变;特朗普时期,从“竞争对手”向“敌手”过渡;当前,拜登政府将中国定位为国际体系内“最重要的战略竞争对手”“最大的地缘政治挑战”,对华“敌手”判断进入定型阶段。美国对华定位的转变有复杂和独特的地缘政治背景,冲击中美关系发展。
The U.S.National Security Strategy report is the expression and vehicle for the U.S.government to identify threats,recognize,and respond to threats in a specific period.According to the perception of China in the National Security Strategy since the Obama administration,the U.S.’s positioning toward China has experienced a trans⁃formation from a“partner”to a“middle ground”country,and then from a“competi⁃tor”to an“adversary”.Through a comparative analysis of the positioning of China by the three administrations of Obama,Trump,and Biden,this article finds that there are unique geopolitical considerations behind the change in the U.S.government’s cognitive positioning of China,and it has jointly adopted a series of measures to put pressure on China.Specifically,during the Obama period,the strategic focus shifted to the Asia-Pacific,beginning to check and balance China's influence.During the Trump period,the“Indo-Pacific Strategy”was expanded and resources were poured into containing China.In Biden period,the U.S.realized that the“Decisive Decade”has come and seeks to Out-Competing China.There is no doubt that the change in the U.S.government’s cognitive positioning of China has also had a negative impact on Sino-U.S.relations,which is mainly reflected in the fact that Sino-U.S.relations have shifted from friendship to strategic competition during the Obama period.The nature and status of Sino-U.S.relations during the Trump period have been changed.Sino-U.S.relations have entered a stage of strategic competition and stalemate dur⁃ing the Biden era.The reason why the U.S.government’s positioning on China in the National Security Strategy becomes increasingly negative is mainly for the purpose of maintaining global hegemony,containing China’s rise,and using values to engage in camp confrontation.It also adopts the double-faced approach tactics in pragmati⁃cism,trying to dragging China into the narrative of“self-other”.
出处
《东北亚学刊》
2024年第3期62-83,146,共23页
Journal of Northeast Asia Studies
关键词
美国
对华定位
国家安全战略
地缘政治
中美关系
the U.S.
positioning toward China
national security strategy
geopolitics
Sino-U.S.relations
