摘要
形成于21世纪初的制度制衡理论,实际上已成为后冷战时期美国外交政策特别是对华政策的主导理论之一。从美国国家安全战略的角度,可以发现自2001年以来美国历届政府制约中国的因素不断上升,其对华实施的制度制衡方略经历了从包容性向排他性的转变。小布什政府采用试图将中国纳入美国主导的国际体系的包容性制度制衡方略,奥巴马政府则采用两面下注的混合型对华包容性制度制衡方略。特朗普政府主要利用美国国内法律和制度对华进行排他性制度制衡,而拜登政府采用“小圈子”对华进行排他性制度制衡。拜登政府在高科技领域对华实行制度制衡,企图在某种程度上迟滞中国高科技发展,客观上却促使中国自立自强形成尽可能完整的高科技生产链,对美国自身高科技产业和国内经济也产生“反噬”效应,无法从根本上改变经济全球化大趋势。
Since the second decade of the 21st century, the theory of institutional checks and balancing has become one of the leading theories of US foreign policy especially US policy toward China in the post-Cold War period. From the perspective of the US national security strategy, it can be seen that successive US Administrations since 2001 have imposed more and more restrictions on China, and the strategy of institutional checks and balancing to China has undergone a transformation from inclusiveness to exclusivity. The Bush administration adopted an inclusive institutional balancing strategy aimed at incorporating China into the US led international system. The Obama administration adopted a mixed and inclusive system of checks and balancing with China in its policy of hedging against China. The Trump administration mainly used the domestic laws and systems of the United States to exercise exclusive institutional checks and balancing against China. The Biden administration, on the other hand, has established a “small circle” system of exclusive checks and balancing against China. It has implemented institutional checks and balancing against China in the high-tech field, and tried to delay China's high-tech development to some extent, but it has also encouraged China to build an independent and complete high-tech production chain as much as possible. It also has a “backlash” effect on the US high-tech industry and domestic economy. The US policy of institutional Checks and Balancing against China cannot fundamentally change the trend of economic globalization.
出处
《亚太安全与海洋研究》
北大核心
2024年第2期36-52,I0002,I0003,共19页
Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“美国国家安全战略研究”(编号:20JZD056)。
关键词
美国
国家安全战略
制度制衡
拜登政府
对华政策
U.S.National Security Strategy
the theory of institutional checks and balancing
the Biden administration
US policy toward China
