摘要
相比于作为实体的发展中国家群体性兴起,“全球南方”这一术语本身的兴起是新近出现的经验现象。“全球南方”是一个带有规范价值的术语,但其规范意义常被忽视,而“全球南方”兴起的限度,也在于其规范价值所呈现的愿景与现实的张力。“全球南方”的自主性价值体现在,“全球南方”突出了全球化时代发展中国家对依附状态的反抗,追求独立自主的愿景;其限度在于,“全球南方”中的多数中小国家在国际体系中无法实现完全的“自助”,发展上受依附式发展的限制,安全上受全球联盟体系的约束。“全球南方”的变革性价值体现在,“全球南方”不局限于行为体之间的关系,而是要求变革西方主导下的等级制世界秩序;其限度在于,一些全球南方国家的行为与反对等级制的愿景相违背,在全球层面进行零和性质的地位追求,在地区层面试图建立地区等级制。“全球南方”的集体性价值体现在,“全球南方”以反帝反殖民的共同命运为基础,在成员之间构建集体身份、实现集体行动;其限度在于,“全球南方”与群体外“北方”的趋同和群体内的分异。明晰“全球南方”这一术语的规范价值及其限度,在学理上可以更好地区分“全球南方”与相似概念并从规范的视角看待其兴起的价值及其限制;在现实上有助于我国应对美西方将中国排除出“全球南方”的图谋,更好地团结广大全球南方国家,推动全球正义的实现和国际秩序进一步平等化。
Different from the collective rise of developing countries,the rise of the term Global South(GS)itself is a recent phenomenon.The concept’s normative significance is often overlooked despite its normative potential while its constraints lie in the tension between its preferred vision and reality.Its independence value manifests in the resistance by developing countries to their dependence on the“North”countries in the era of globalization and in their commitment to the vision of independence.What limits this value is that small powers cannot enjoy complete autonomy in the international system because their development is constricted by their dependency,and their security is constrained by the global alliance system.The concept’s transformative value refers to the GS countries’preference for change in not just relations among international actors but also the hierarchical world order dominated by the West.This value is constrained,however,by the behavior of some GS countries that contradicts the resistance to hierarchy as they take a zero-sum view on their pursuit of global status and even seek to establish regional hierarchies. The concept’s collectivity value is reflected in the preference for the construction of collective identities and collect action given the GS’s shared past in anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism. Yet this value is constrained by intra-group differences and the convergence between the GS and the out-group “North”. A clear appreciation of the normative values and limits of the GS as a concept can help to better distinguish it from similar concepts and grasp the value potentials and limitations from a normative perspective. This can help China better cope with attempts by the US and the West to exclude it from the GS, improve its solidarity with the vast numbers of the GS, and promote global justice and progress toward a more equal international order.
出处
《国际论坛》
北大核心
2024年第3期119-137,159,160,共21页
International Forum
