摘要
美国自2002年开始对津巴布韦进行制裁,迄今已有20余年。从发展进程来看,美国对津巴布韦制裁经历了发起阶段(2001~2004年)、加剧阶段(2005~2009年)和缓和阶段(2010年至今)。美国对津巴布韦制裁主要通过个人制裁、金融制裁和贸易制裁等3种方式加以实施。美国虽宣称对津巴布韦的制裁为定向制裁,但其实施效果与全面制裁并无二致。美国制裁对津巴布韦宏观经济、产业发展与社会民生等领域均产生了严重的负面影响,是津巴布韦长期经济低迷和民生凋敝的重要诱因。从本质特征看,制裁津巴布韦成为美国对外推行霸权主义的政策工具;与其他西方国家联动是美国制裁津巴布韦的策略;西方民主价值观是美国制裁津巴布韦的借口;以国内法为依据制裁津巴布韦彰显美国霸凌主义外交之特征。基于维护美国全球霸权利益之需要,美国对津巴布韦的制裁还将持续下去。
It has been more than 20 years since the United States imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe in 2000.The development course of US sanctions on Zimbabwe has gone through an initial period from 2001 to 2004,an intensified period from 2005 to2009,and an easing period from 2010 up to now.The US sanctions on Zimbabwe are mainly carried out through three ways:personal sanction,financial sanction and trade sanction.The United Stated announced that the sanctions on Zimbabwe are targeted sanctions,but their impacts are almost the same with general sanctions.The US sanctions have had serious impacts on Zimbabwe's macro-economy,industrial development and people's livelihood,and are one of the main reasons that caused Zimbabwe's long-term economic downturn and destitution of people's livelihood.From the essential characteristics,the United States uses sanctions on Zimbabwe as a hegemonic foreign policy tool,the collective sanctions with other West countries as a strategy,the democratic values as an excuse,and the internal laws as the legal basis which highlights its bullying diplomacy.In order to maintain its global hegemonic interests,the United States will continue its sanctions on Zimbabwe.
出处
《西亚非洲》
北大核心
2023年第4期110-133,159,共25页
West Asia and Africa
基金
国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“《非洲通史》(多卷本)”(LSYZD21022)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
美非关系
津巴布韦
定向制裁
金融制裁
贸易制裁
次级制裁
US-Africa relations
Zimbabwe
targeted sanction
financial sanction
trade sanction
secondary sanction
