摘要
气候变化背景下,极端天气频发,作物将越来越多地暴露在高温、干旱和洪涝等非生物逆境条件下。同时,气候变化导致作物遭受病虫害等生物胁迫的频率和强度增加。非生物和生物胁迫的共同作用下,粮食减产严重,威胁全球粮食安全。提高作物自身的气候韧性是减少产量损失的关键。种子处理是提高种子质量(抗逆性、产量、品质)的有效途径。纳米材料具有小尺寸效应,且具有独特的物理化学、光电特性和催化活性。越来越多的证据表明,纳米种子处理技术在提高作物抗逆性和抗病性方面展现出巨大潜力。本文针对纳米种子处理技术的研究进展、分子机理和市场现状进行了综述,发现纳米种子处理通过参与或调控萌发初期的代谢和转录过程,既能促进种子萌发、提高种子活力,还能增强作物逆境韧性。同时,纳米种子处理技术具有操作简单、成本低和环境友好的特点,在减少农业化学品使用、促进可持续农业发展方面极具潜力,是提高作物气候韧性的有效途径。纳米种子处理技术极有可能是种子处理行业新的赛道,提早布局将会提高我国种子处理企业的国际竞争力。本文旨在探讨新的种子处理技术,以期为提高作物气候韧性、保障我国粮食安全提供新的技术路径,同时也为提高我国种子处理行业竞争力提供新的视角和策略。
Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.Therefore,crops are increasingly exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses,such as heat,cold,drought,and floods.In addition,climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of biotic stresses,such as pathogens and pests,in crops.Under the combined action of abiotic and biotic stresses,a reduction in grain yield is a serious threat to global food security.Improving the climatic resilience of crops is critical for reducing yield losses.Seed treatment is an effective way to improve seed quality(e.g.,by increasing stress resistance,yield,and nutritional quality of crops).Nanomaterials with unique physicochemical,electrical,and catalytic properties are used as seed-treatment agents.In recent decades,nano-enabled seed treatment approaches have shown great potential for improving abiotic stress tolerance and disease resistance in crops.In this review,the research progress,molecular mechanisms,and current market status of nano-enabled seed treatments are discussed.Nano-enabled seed treatment was found to not only improve the germination rate and accelerate germination speed,but also enhance resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses.When nanomaterials interact with seeds,their small size enables them to cross biological barriers and enter the seeds quickly,and the catalytic properties allow them to participate in and regu-late cellular metabolic processes.Meanwhile,nano-enabled seed treatment is a simple,low cost,and environmentally friendly new technology,which has great potential to reduce the use of agricultural chemicals and promote sustainable agriculture.In addition,this is an effective method of improving the climate resilience of crops.Nano-enabled seed treatment technology is likely to be a new strategy in the seed treatment industry.This early layout will improve the international competitiveness of seed treatment enterprises in our country.Taken together,this review aims to provide farmers,policymakers,and othe
作者
康召
赵丽娟
KANG Zhao;ZHAO Lijuan(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期745-754,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(0211-14380206)资助。
关键词
纳米技术
气候韧性
纳米种子处理
粮食安全
Nanotechnology
Climate resilience
Nano-enabled seed treatment
Food security
