摘要
《民法典》物权编首次规定了居住权制度,通过解释论与对国家乡村振兴政策的分析,宅基地上房屋设立居住权具有合法性,有利于盘活闲置宅基地,推进乡村振兴。但在宅基地“三权分置”的权利结构下,为宅基地上房屋设立居住权,使居住权人获得了部分宅基地使用权利,实质上使宅基地使用权的主体由集体经济组织成员内部扩张到外部,是宅基地使用权扩张的表现。依据人役权的理论发展,宅基地使用权的扩张具有合理性,是发挥宅基地经济价值的现实要求,但同时应当控制在必要的范围内。居住权以其严格的流转限制,在实现宅基地使用权进一步流转的同时,将宅基地所有权保留在集体经济组织内部,是对宅基地使用权扩张的限制,也是当今宅基地使用权进一步流转的最佳方案。依据“房地一体”原则以及农村宅基地流转过程中的实际问题,宅基地上房屋居住权设立的主体、方法、客体、利益的分配方案也应当有所变化。
The right of habitation is stipulated for the first time in the Civil Code.Through the interpretation theory and the analysis of the national rural revitalization policy,it is legitimate to create the right of habitation for houses built on homestead land,which is conducive to revitalizing the vacant homestead and promoting the rural revitalization.However,with the separation of rural land ownership rights,contract rights and land management rights,creating the right of habitation for houses built on homestead land makes the occupants obtain part of the right to use the homestead,which essentially expands the main body of the right to use the homestead from the members of the collective economic organization to the outside,therefore,it is the manifestation of the expansion of the right to use the homestead.According to the theoretical development of servitudes personarum,the expansion of the right to use homestead is reasonable,and it is a realistic requirement to exert the economic value of homestead,but meanwhile it should be controlled within the necessary scope.While realizing the further transfer of the right to use homestead,the right of habitation retains the ownership of homestead in the collective economic organization due to its strict transfer restriction,which limits the expansion of the right to use homestead,and is also the best plan for the further transfer of the right to use homestead.According to the principle of"integration of land and house"and the practical problems in the process of rural homestead transfer,the subject,method,object and benefit distribution of creating the right of habitation for houses built on homestead land should also be changed.
出处
《成都行政学院学报》
2024年第2期61-70,79,118,共12页
Journal of Chengdu Administration Institute
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“《民法典》适用中的承包地权利体系解释论”(20BFX102)的阶段性成果。
关键词
宅基地“三权分置”
居住权设立
宅基地使用权流转
扩张与限制
"three rights separation"of homestead
create the right of habitation
transfer of the right to use homestead
expansion and limitation
