摘要
学前教育在提高全民素质的过程中具有基础性、全局性和先导性的作用。纵观我国学前教育发展中政府角色的演进历程,先后经历了“政府统一规划与管理”(1949-1979年)、“政府集中领导,分级管理”(1979-1992年)、“政府主管,地方负责,分级管理”(1992-2009年)与“政府主导,多元负责”(2010年至今)等阶段,并将政府作为立法者与管理者的角色代入到新时代推进学前教育高质量发展的体系之中。政府在不同历史时期的角色发挥与各个历史阶段的经济、政治、文化、历史积淀、相关主体的认知与多方教育需求等影响因素相关。未来学前教育发展中政府角色的发挥要在进一步明确政府主导职能的范围与边界、重视地方政府履责与发力、加快学前教育法律及政策的制定等维度有所作为,以回归学前教育公共产品的属性,应对市场失灵和多头管理等局面,与社会、家庭合作建立一个富有弹性,多样化、友好、平等的学前教育生态。
Preschool education plays a fundamental,comprehensive,and precursor role in improving the quality of the entire population.The role of the government in the development of preschool education in China has evolved through stages including“unified planning and management by the government”(1949-1979),“centralized leadership and hierarchical management by the government”(1979-1992),“government supervision,local responsibility,and hierarchical management”(1992-2009),and“government leadership and multi-subject responsibility”(2010-present).The government’s role as a legislator and manager has been incorporated into the system to promote the high-quality development of preschool education in the new era.The government’s role in different historical periods is linked to factors such as the economy,politics,culture,historical accumulations,the perception of relevant subjects,and the educational needs of various stakeholders.In the future,the government’s role in the development of preschool education should be further clarified in terms of the scope and boundaries of government leadership functions,emphasizing the responsibility and efforts of local governments,and accelerating the formulation of preschool education laws and policies.This aims to restore the attributes of preschool education as a public good,address market failures and multi-head management,and establish a flexible,diverse,friendly,and equitable preschool education ecosystem in collaboration with society and families.
作者
程方平
冯芳芳
CHENG Fangping;FENG Fangfang(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Education,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期114-124,共11页
Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)
基金
北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度重点项目“学前教育发展中政府的角色演变研究”(AAAA19008)。
关键词
学前教育
政府角色
教育管理
学前教育制度
教育政策
preschool education
government role
education management
preschool education system
education policy
