摘要
当前,对于企业轻微犯罪案件适用“双不起诉”已成共识,但对于企业重大犯罪案件能否适用合规不起诉仍存在争议。为了进一步扩大合规不起诉制度效果,避免出现“办理一个刑事案件,搞垮一个企业”的不良后果,一些检察机关进行了相关的制度探索,提出了“分案处理”的改革思路。但是,分案处理面临着违背单位犯罪“双罚制”的基本原理、缺少法律依据、导致单位和责任人员处罚失衡等现实困境。从司法实践来看,重大单位犯罪案件分案处理不仅必要而且可行。为走出重罪案件合规分案处理机制现实困境,应从理论层面予以创新和突破,重新建构单位与责任人分离模式;从立法层面予以明确和固定,以成文法形式规定合规从宽、不起诉的适用情形和条件,完善分案处理程序与规则;在司法实践方面于探索和落实,进一步发挥检察机关主导作用,积极推动重罪合规分案处理机制落地实施,巩固理论和实践成果。
Currently,there is a consensus on the application of"dual non prosecution"for minor criminal cases of corporations,but there is still controversy over whether non-prosecution for corporate compliance can be applied to major criminal cases of enterprises.In order to further expand the effectiveness of the compliance non prosecution system and avoid the adverse consequences of"handling a criminal case and bringing down a company",some procuratorial organs have conducted relevant institutional explorations and proposed the reform idea of"separate case handling".However,the division of cases faces practical difficulties such as violating the basic principle of the"dual punishment system"for corporate crimes,lacking legal basis,and resulting in imbalanced punishment for corporations and responsible personnel.From the perspective of judicial practice,it is not only necessary but also feasible to handle major unit crime cases separately.In order to overcome the practical difficulties in the compliance and division of cases for serious crimes,innovation and breakthroughs should be made at the theoretical level,and a separation model between corporations and responsible persons should be reconstructed;Provide clear and fixed provisions at the legislative level,in the form of written laws,specifying the applicable situations and conditions for compliance leniency and non prosecution,and improving the procedures and rules for handling separate cases;Dare to explore and implement in judicial practice,further play the leading role of the procuratorial organs,actively promote the implementation of the mechanism for handling serious crimes in compliance and division of cases,and consolidate the achievements of theory and practice.
作者
湖北省武汉市硚口区人民检察院课题组
刘星
Research Group of Qiaokou District People's Procuratorate in Wuhan City,Hubei Province(People's Procuratorate of Qiaokou District,Wuhan 430034,China)
出处
《湖北警官学院学报》
2024年第2期13-20,共8页
Journal of Hubei University of Police
基金
2022年度武汉市人民检察院检察应用理论研究课题“单位犯罪合规案件分案处理重点难点问题研究”(WJ2023A03)。
关键词
单位犯罪
重罪合规
分案处理制度
合规不起诉
Corporate Crime
Serious Crime Compliance
Separate Case Handling System
Non-prosecution for Corporate Compliance
