摘要
就业是民生之本,在人口老龄化趋势日益严峻的背景下,增加医疗卫生支出对于提升健康人力资本水平,推动医疗技术创新,促进就业发挥着重要作用。文章基于中国2008~2021年31个省级面板数据,运用双向固定效应模型和中介效应模型等方法,考察老龄化、医疗卫生支出与就业之间的关系。研究发现:人口老龄化对就业有显著的负向作用,且在老龄化程度越深的地区,负效应越明显,而医疗卫生支出促进就业,在老龄化程度较深的地区医疗卫生支出对就业表现出更为有利的作用,其中在东部地区的促进作用最大。进一步的影响机制分析证明,医疗卫生支出正向调节了人口老龄化对就业的负效应,即,缓解老龄化带来的负面影响;同时健康人力资本与技术水平在人口老龄化与医疗卫生支出影响就业的过程中起部分中介作用。据此,应充分发挥政府职能,有效利用医疗卫生支出的经济效应,在财力可持续的基础上,扩大医疗卫生支出规模,优化医疗卫生支出结构,并建立地方政府医疗卫生支出绩效考核的指标体系,监测地方政府在医疗卫生领域的支出,提高医疗卫生支出利用效率。同时加强健康教育,开展健康促进活动,深入实施创新驱动发展战略,积极推动技术创新与应用,注重个人健康人力资本和企业技术创新能力的提升,实现高质量充分就业。
Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood.Against the backdrop of an increasingly severe trend of population aging,increasing medical and health expenditure plays an important role in enhancing the level of healthy human capital,promoting medical technology innovation,and facilitating employment.Based on China’s 31 provincial panel data from 2008~2021,the article examines the relationship between aging,medical and health expenditure and employment by using methods such as two-way fixed effects model and mediating model.It is found that population ag⁃ing has a significant negative effect on employment,and the negative effect is more obvious in regions with deeper ag⁃ing,while medical and health expenditure promotes employment,and medical and health expenditure shows a more fa⁃vourable effect on employment in regions with deeper aging,with the greatest promotion effect in the eastern region.Fur⁃ther analysis of the impact mechanism proves that health care expenditure positively regulates the negative effect of pop⁃ulation aging on employment,i.e.,mitigates the negative impact of aging;at the same time,the level of health human capital and technology plays a partly intermediary role in the process of population aging and health care expenditure af⁃fecting employment.Accordingly,the government should give full play to its functions,make effective use of the eco⁃nomic effects of medical and health expenditure,expand the scale of medical and health expenditure and optimise the structure of medical and health expenditure on the basis of sustainable financial resources,as well as set up an indica⁃tor system for the performance evaluation of local governments’medical and health expenditure,monitor local govern⁃ment expenditure in the field of healthcare,and improve the efficiency of the utilisation of medical and health expendi⁃ture.At the same time,health education is being strengthened,health promotion activities are being carried out,the in⁃novation-driven development strategy is b
作者
英洁
宋佳莹
高传胜
YING Jie;SONG Jia-ying;GAO Chuan-sheng(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《西北人口》
北大核心
2024年第3期79-91,共13页
Northwest Population Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“民生服务领域实施供给侧结构性改革研究”(项目编号:22AZD037)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“基本公共服务对经济发展的影响与机制研究:面向创新驱动阶段”(KYCX23_0070)。
关键词
人口老龄化
医疗卫生支出
就业
健康人力资本
技术水平
Population Aging
Medical and Health Expenditure
Employment
Health Human Capital
Technology Level
