摘要
城乡不平等是国家现代化转型过程中的重大问题,对中国不平衡不充分发展有重要影响。在收入、财富、公共服务和社会福利等方面,中国城乡存在典型的不平等事实,独特体制性因素加剧了这种不平等。基于权利分析视角,城乡不平等的根源在于体制秩序转型过程中城乡权利开放的差异,以此有别于结构主义理论对城乡不平等的解释。中国特色社会主义制度的改革和权利开放推动经济增长和人民生活水平显著提高,但独特的二元体制致使农民的权利开放落后于城镇居民,进而导致二元结构加剧和城乡不平等扩大。消除城乡不平等,应摒弃单向城市化与重蹈乡建的城乡二分思维、推动城乡融合发展和要素双向流动,通过乡村产业革命、产权制度改革、公共服务均等化、重构“人地业村”系统等方式,持续开放农民在农村和城市的权利。
Urban-rural inequality is a significant concern within a country’s modernization process.This paper outlines the crucial impact of urban-rural inequality on China’s imbalanced and insufficient development.It systematically examines disparities in income,wealth,public services,and social welfare between urban and rural areas,with a focused exploration of the unique institutional factors behind them.The article is grounded in a framework of rights analysis,and proposes that the fundamental cause of urban-rural inequality lies in the differences between open access orders,which is different from the explanations provided by the structuralist theories.Overall,China’s reform,coupled with the liberalization of rights,has propelled substantial economic growth and elevated living standards.However,the distinct dual system resulted in a restricted opening of rights for farmers compared to urban residents,which became a major cause of the intensification of dual structures and the widening of urban-rural inequality.To address urban-rural inequality,it is essential to discard the urbanrural dichotomy thinking,characterized by unidirectional urbanization and the repetition of rural construction.Instead,there is a need to promote integrated urban-rural development,facilitate a bidirectional flow of factors,and consistently expand the rights of farmers in both rural and urban domains.This can be realized through the rural industrial revolution,reforming property rights systems,ensuring equal access to basic public services,and restructuring the people-land-industry-village system.
作者
刘守英
李昊泽
LIU Shouying;LI Haoze
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期18-33,共16页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化的发展规律和评价指标研究”(项目编号:23ZDA015)的阶段性成果。
关键词
城乡不平等
二元体制
权利开放差异
Urban-Rural Inequality
Urban-Rural Dual System
Differences Between Open Access Orders
