摘要
物种共存机制是群落生态学研究的核心问题之一,但以成对物种间直接相互作用为主的传统共存理论,并未在实际群落中得到普遍证实。近年来,有研究表明,高阶相互作用,即一个物种对另一个物种的直接作用强度受到其他物种的间接影响,在群落竞争过程中的重要性不断得到发展。目前,对高阶相互作用的理论研究还主要集中在非空间理论模型。事实上,群落中个体的空间分布和扩散模式等对种群动态的影响均至关重要。故考虑空间因素,以三物种为例构建空间显式的群落动态模拟,通过引入不同的物种扩散模式,研究高阶相互作用对群落物种共存结果的影响。研究表明:(1)高阶相互作用可以促进也可能抑制物种共存,具体共存结果取决于高阶相互作用的方向、强度和分类;(2)当全部高阶相互作用都存在,且取值为正时,物种共存位置会发生偏移,原本生态位分化下共存的区域不再共存,而在生态位重叠度较高的区域,物种可以在更大范围的适合度差异下共存;(3)扩散模式对高阶相互作用的上述调节机制有一定的影响,且无论正高阶还是负高阶,当种群趋于局部扩散时,高阶相互作用的正向及负向调节效果均有所减弱。以上结论强调了在理论模型和实际保护工作中考虑相互作用网络的重要性,有助于进一步理解物种共存机制,能够为保护生物多样性提供理论依据。
interactions that underpin complex ecological relationships,they often fall short in capturing the full richness and complexity of real⁃world ecosystems.In stark contrast,real ecosystems are characterized by the spatial distribution of individuals and patterns of dispersal that hold a profound influence over population dynamics.Recognizing the significance of these spatial realities,this study takes a bold step towards bridging the gap between theory and reality.Using three species as its focal point,the study constructs an intricate and spatially explicit model to simulate community dynamics.The central question that underpins this ambitious endeavor is:how do higher⁃order interactions shape the coexistence of species within the framework of spatial dynamics?The findings of this rigorous exploration unveil several pivotal insights:(1)Higher⁃order interactions wield the power to either bolster or thwart species coexistence,with specific outcomes intricately entwined with the direction,strength,and classification of these multifaceted interactions.(2)In scenarios where all higher⁃order interactions are present with positive values,the spatial distribution of species undergoes transformation.Regions where species once coexisted due to niche differentiation may experience shifts in their coexistence dynamics.In areas characterized by a high degree of niche overlap,species may persist across a broader spectrum of fitness differences.(3)The dispersal patterns of species introduce a layer of complexity into the regulatory mechanisms of higher⁃order interactions.Whether these interactions manifest as positive or negative,their effects tend to diminish when populations exhibit a preference for localized dispersal.In conclusion,these profound findings underscore the critical significance of incorporating interaction networks into both theoretical models and practical conservation endeavors.Such insights not only deepen our comprehension of coexistence mechanisms but also provide valuable theoretical underpinning
作者
张博中
郭小龙
杨颖惠
ZHANG Bozhong;GUO Xiaolong;YANG Yinghui(School of Mathematics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610097,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期3492-3501,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
四川省科技厅青年基金项目(23NSFSC2600)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2682022ZTPY085)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31700347)
四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1819)。
关键词
高阶相互作用
扩散模式
种群空间动态
物种共存
生态位分化
high⁃order interactions
dispersal patterns
population spatial dynamics
species coexistence
ecological niche differentiation
