摘要
[目的]研究以玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠作为粗饲料加工调制肉牛发酵全混合日粮(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)时二者的最佳配比,为菌糠等副产物高值化利用提供技术支撑。[方法]设置7个不同比例的粗饲料混合处理组,玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠的比例分别为8∶2(T1组)、7∶3(T2组)、6∶4(T3组)、5∶5(T4组)、4∶6(T5组)、3∶7(T6组)、2∶8(T7组),再以精粗比为4∶6(鲜重)添加肉牛精料补充料,混合均匀后加工制成全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR);将不同处理组的TMR样品装入青贮袋,压实密封后抽真空,遮光保存于室内,自然发酵60 d制成FTMR;分别测定并比较TMR和FTMR的营养组分含量和霉菌毒素含量,同时,测定FTMR的发酵参数,确定最优配比。[结果]①随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,TMR的DM含量呈逐渐降低趋势,CP含量呈逐渐增加趋势,NDF和ADF含量总体呈逐渐增加趋势,EE含量呈波动性变化。②随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的DM含量呈逐渐下降趋势,与发酵前相比,T4组的DM损失率最低;T3组和T4组FTMR的CP含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他组,与发酵前相比,T3组与T4组FTMR的CP含量增加;各组FTMR的EE含量差异不显著(P>0.05),与发酵前相比,T1组~T4组FTMR的EE含量下降,T5组~T7组增加;T1组~T5组FTMR的NDF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,T3组NDF含量最低,与发酵前相比,T3组和T5组FTMR的NDF含量下降;T1组~T5组FTMR的ADF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,与发酵前相比,T4组和T5组ADF含量下降。③各组FTMR样品均产生酸香味,发酵品质良好;T3组FTMR的pH值最低,显著(P<0.05)低于其余各组,T4组的pH值也较低;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的LA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T4组含量最高,T3组次之,二者均显著(P<0.05)高于其余各组;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的AA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T5组含量最高,T4组和T3组次之;各组FTM
[Objective]The aims of the present study were to assess the optimal ratio of corn straw and spent Flammulina velutipes substrate as roughage in preparation of fermented total mixed ration(FTMR)for beef cattle,and to provide technical support for the high-value utilization of by-products such as mushroom bran.[Method]For the preparation of roughage,a total of 7 treatment groups with different mixing ratios of corn straw and spent Flammulina velutipes substrate were set up.Total mixed ration(TMR)were made from even mixing of corn straw and spent Flammulina velutipes substrate at the ratios of 8∶2(T1 group),7∶3(T2 group),6∶4(T3 group),5∶5(T4 group),4∶6(T5 group),3∶7(T6 group)and 2∶8(T7 group)with addition of beef cattle concentrate supplement at a concentrate-roughage ratio of 4∶6(fresh weight).TMR samples from different treatment groups were placed into silage bags,and then compacted,sealed,vacuumized and stored in a dark room to naturally ferment for 60 days to prepare FTMR.The nutritional component and mycotoxin content of the prepared TMR and FTMR samples were measured and statistically compared.Furthermore,the fermentation parameters of FTMR were assessed to determine the optimal ratio of corn straw and spent Flammulina velutipes substrate.[Result]①As the ratios of corn straw to spent Flammulina velutipes substrate decreased,the DM content of TMR gradually reduced,the CP content gradually increased,the NDF and ADF contents generally elevated,and the EE content fluctuated.②As the ratios of corn straw to spent Flammulina velutipes substrate decreased,the DM content of FTMR gradually reduced as well.Compared with the corresponding TMR,the FTMR in T4 group had the lowest DM loss rate.The CP content of FTMR in T3 and T4 groups were significantly(P<0.05)higher than that in the other groups.Compared with the corresponding TMR,the CP content of FTMR in T3 and T4 groups increased.No significant(P>0.05)differences in EE content of FTMR among different groups were observed.Compared with the correspondi
作者
李小冬
于二汝
洪莉平
尚以顺
裴成江
罗近平
陈才俊
LI Xiaodong;YU Erru;HONG Liping;SHANG Yishun;PEI Chengjiang;LUO Jinping;CHEN Caijun(Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guizhou Institute of Prataculture,Guiyang 550006,China;Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University,Guiyang 550081,China;College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《畜牧与饲料科学》
2024年第2期20-28,34,共10页
Animal Husbandry and Feed Science
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y080)
贵州省农业科学院高价值专利培育项目(黔农科院专利培计[2021]04)
贵州省科研机构创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企[2022]04)。
关键词
玉米秸秆
金针菇菌糠
发酵全混合日粮
营养组分
发酵品质
霉菌毒素
corn straw
spent Flammulina velutipes substrate
fermented total mixed ration
nutritional component
fermentation quality
mycotoxin
