摘要
利用海南岛加密自动站逐小时降水资料、ERA5再分析资料,对海南岛短时强降水日环流配置进行了天气学分型,并进一步探讨了各天气型下海南岛短时强降水的时空分布、环流形势和关键环境参数特征。结果表明:(1)海南岛短时强降水有明显的日变化特征,呈单峰型,主要出现在15:00—19:00。(2)海南岛短时强降水的天气型主要有南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型。(3)南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型短时强降水分别占37%,31%,16%和16%。南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型主要出现在7、8和9月;西南低压槽型除9月外,其余各月份均可能出现;冷锋型绝大多数出现在4、5月。(4)南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型整层湿度条件都较好,不稳定能量较大,垂直风切变较弱。西南低压槽型不稳定能量较大,湿度条件一般,垂直风切变较弱。冷锋型存在明显的上干下湿特征,垂直风切变最大,0~6 km风速差75%分位大于10 m/s,不稳定能量最小。
The hourly precipitation data from the densified automatic stations over Hainan Island from April to September between 2017 and 2021 and the fifth generation global reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)with an interval of 1 h and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°are used to classify the circulation configuration of short-term heavy rainfall over Hainan Island.Furthermore,the synoptic diagnostic analysis method is used to synthetically analyse the environmental fields and physical fields of the short-term heavy rainfall processes,and the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution,circulation situation,and key environmental parameters of the short-term heavy rainfall over Hainan Island under various weather patterns are analysed.The results show that:(1)The short-term heavy rainfall over Hainan Island has an obvious diurnal variation characteristic,showing a single peak type,mainly occurring from 15:00 to 19:00.(2)The circulation patterns of short-term heavy rainfall over Hainan Island mainly include the South China Sea Trough,the South China Coast Trough,Southwest Trough,and cold front pattern.(3)The South China Sea Trough,South China Coast Trough,Southwest Trough,and cold front pattern account for 37%,31%,16%,and 16%,respectively.The cold front pattern mainly appears in April and May.The South China Sea Trough and South China Coast Trough mainly appear in July,August,and September,and the Southwest Trough may appear in other months except September.(4)The spatial distribution of short-term heavy precipitation varies significantly under different weather patterns.The South China Sea Trough type high-frequency stations are mainly concentrated in the northeast inland of Hainan Island,while the South China Coast Trough type high-frequency stations are mainly concentrated in the northern inland and western parts of Hainan Island.The Southwest Trough is mainly concentrated in the area north of Wuzhishan;the cold front pattern mostly occurs in the northern re
作者
石娟
郑艳
柯元惠
蒋贤玲
SHI Juan;ZHENG Yan;KE Yuanhui;JIANG Xianling(Hainan Meteorological Observatory,Haikou 570203;Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203)
出处
《气象科技》
2024年第1期55-65,共11页
Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(423QN318,420QN372)
中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2023-101)资助。
关键词
短时强降水
天气型
环境参数
海南岛
short-term heavy rainfall
weather pattern
environmental parameter
Hainan Island
