摘要
共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。本文将Huggett(1993)的异质性禀赋模型拓展为竞争性一般均衡模型,采用数值算法对模型进行了迭代求解,分析了失业补贴政策对我国居民平均财富提升和财富分布优化的作用效果和机制,并在进一步分析中将之与信贷政策进行了对比。第一,从一般均衡的角度来看,合理的失业补贴不仅不会降低经济效率,还能促进财富分布的长期平衡。第二,失业补贴政策优化财富分布的作用机制是收入效应和替代效应的权衡,对于贫困家庭收入效应占主导,储蓄增加使得财富积累,富裕家庭则与之相反。第三,虽然放松信贷约束能够缓解贫困家庭和失业家庭的资金压力,促进共同富裕,但总信贷需求上升导致的利率上升会损害负资产家庭的利益。第四,与宽松的信贷政策相比,适当的增加失业补贴是提高居民财富均值、优化财富分布的更有效手段。
Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important fea-ture of Chinese modernization.In this paper,the heterogeneous endowment model of Huggett(1993)is extended to a competitive general equilibrium model,and the numerical algorithm is used to solve the model iteratively.The effect and mechanism of unemployment subsidy poli-cy on the average wealth improvement and wealth distribution optimization of China's residents are analyzed,and compared with credit policy in further analysis.The results show that:First,from the perspective of general equilibrium,reasonable unemployment subsidy will not only reduce economic efficiency,but also promote the long-term balance of wealth distribu-tion.Second,the mechanism of the unemployment subsidy policy to optimize the wealth distri-bution is the trade-off between the income effect and the substitution effect.For poor families,the income effect is dominant,and the increase in savings makes wealth accumulation,while the rich families are the opposite.Third,although easing credit constraints can alleviate the fi-nancial pressure of poor families and unemployed families and promote common prosperity,the rise in interest rates caused by the rise in total credit demand will damage the interests of nega-tive asset families.Fourth,compared with the loose credit policy,an appropriate increase in unemployment subsidies is the most effective means to increase the average wealth of residents and optimize the distribution of wealth.
作者
张屹山
赵安阳
Zhang Yishan;Zhao Anyang(Center for Quantitative Economics,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
出处
《数量经济研究》
2024年第1期1-17,共17页
The Journal of Quantitative Economics
基金
2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“新时期共同富裕方向的经济高质量发展的宏观调控体系协同优化研究”(22JJD790021)的资助。
关键词
共同富裕
竞争性均衡
失业补贴
异质性模型
Common Prosperity
Competitive Equilibrium
Unemployment Subsidies
Heterogeneous Agent Model
