摘要
运用霍菲尔德权利分析框架对辩护律师保密权进行分析,保密权的性质为豁免权,而非特权,保密权与保密义务之间并非简单的平行共生关系,而是先后派生关系。委托人向律师主张保密请求权,律师承担保密义务,先形成“委托人—律师”法律关系,后派生“律师—国家机关”法律关系。国家机关开展调查取证无权力改变律师对委托人的保密义务,律师拥有举报作证豁免权,即保密权。真正决定案情信息是否保密的权利主体是委托人,而非辩护律师。保密权的理论溯源是刑事诉讼中的委托人拥有不被强迫自证其罪、获得律师帮助以及一般人格权之保护等宪法性权利。在对保密权的性质和理论溯源作出教义化处理后,应回归刑事诉讼法的条文语境,对保密权的适用前提、构成要件以及例外情形等进行教义化的语词解释和体系构建,就发现的问题,如律师保密与犯罪嫌疑人应如实回答条款的冲突、律师泄密与刑法追责、非法证据排除规则缺失等提出完善建议。
Using the Hohfeldian rights analysis framework to analyze the defense lawyer's right to confidentiality,the nature of the right to confidentiality is immunity,not privilege.The relationship between the right to confidentiality and the obligation to keep confidentiality is not a simple parallel symbiosis,but a derivative relationship.The client claims the right to request confidentiality from the lawyer,and the lawyer assumes the obligation of confidentiality.The legal relationship of"client-lawyer"is first formed,and then the legal relationship of"lawyer-state agency"is derived.When state agencies conduct investigations and collect evidence,they have no power to change lawyers'confidentiality obligations towards their clients.Lawyers have immunity from reporting and testifying,that is,the right to confidentiality.The person with the right to truly decide whether case information is confidential is the client,not the defense lawyer.The theoretical origin of the right to confidentiality is that clients in criminal proceedings have constitutional rights such as not being forced to testify against themselves,obtaining help from lawyers,and protection of general personality rights.After making a doctrinal treatment of the nature and theoretical origin of the right to confidentiality,we should return to the context of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and carry out a doctrinal explanation and system construction of the applicable prerequisites,constituent elements and exceptions of the right to confidentiality and provide suggestions to such issues as the conflict between lawyers'confidentiality and the fact that criminal suspects should answer truthfully,lawyers'leaks and its potential criminal law accountability,and the lack of illegal evidence exclusion rules.
出处
《中外法学》
北大核心
2024年第2期407-426,共20页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“犯罪治理现代化视阈下公诉出罪问题研究”(项目编号:23BFX026)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
辩护律师
保密权
保密义务
霍菲尔德权利分析框架
Defense Lawyers
Confidentiality Rights
Confidentiality Obligations
H Iohfeldian Framework of Right Analysis
