摘要
2008年全球金融危机后互联网共享经济快速发展,如今已成为全球范围的新经济增长模式。平台经济的发展对保民生、保就业、促消费等方面具有积极作用。平台用工成为一种新就业形态,用工单位及投资主体类型丰富,从业人员人数众多,用工模式多样。目前“众包”模式已经成为平台用工主要模式,且以网络状外包为主要从业形态,从属性特征弱化,难以统一纳入劳动关系调整,形成了不同于劳动关系与劳务关系的“不完全劳动关系”。不完全劳动关系中的从业者的利益需求和法律保障要求呈现出多样性,需要进行分类化调整。要针对不同类型平台及从业者的从属性程度、工作性质和权益保障需要,比照劳动关系、参照劳动基准,在工伤保险、医疗保险、养老保险、失业保险以及劳动保护等待遇方面设定最低标准,纳入法律保护范围。在此基础上,将从业者纳入行业工会或区域工会,扩大集体协商,增强维权能力。
Following the global financial crisis in 2008,the Internet sharing economy has experienced rapid growth and has now emerged as a new global economic model.The expansion of the platform economy has played a constructive role in securing people's livelihoods,employment,and stimulating consumption.Platform-based employment has evolved into a distinctive form of work,characterized by a wide array of employers,investment sources,a substantial workforce,and diverse employment arrangements.Presently,the predominant mode of platform-based employment is the“crowdsourcing”model,primarily reliant on network-based outsourcing.In this evolving landscape,the traditional attributes associated with conventional employment relationships have weakened,making it challenging to fit within a unified regulatory framework governing employer-employee relationship.Consequently,this has given rise to“quasi-employment relationships”,which are distinct from both standard employment relationships and service-based arrangements.Within these quasi-employment relationships,the interests and legal protection requirements of workers exhibit considerable diversity,necessitating the need for categorization adjustments.To address the varying characteristics of workers,the nature of their work,and their rights protection needs across different platform types and worker categories,it is advisable to establish minimum standards in crucial areas such as workplace injury insurance,medical coverage,pension benefits,unemployment protection,and labor rights,all rooted in labor relationships and benchmark standards.These standardized guidelines should be integrated into the legal protection framework.Additionally,workers should be encouraged to join industry or regional labor unions to expand collective bargaining capabilities and strengthen their capacity to safeguard their rights.
出处
《法治现代化研究》
2023年第6期100-114,共15页
Law and Modernization
基金
2022年江苏省社会科学基金项目“互联网平台用工关系分类调整研究”(22FXB003)的阶段性成果。
关键词
平台经济
不完全劳动关系
多样性
分类调整
platform economy
quasi-employment relationship
diversity
re-categorization
