摘要
目的:寻找铁棍山药高效栽培途径,提升其药用价值。方法:采用随机区组进行田间试验,研究浅生槽定向栽培方式(机器开沟和洛阳铲开沟)对铁棍山药品相、产量、营养成分(直链淀粉、支链淀粉、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白)和有效成分(类黄酮、酚类物质、尿囊素)含量的影响。结果:与传统栽培方式相比,两种浅生槽定向栽培方式下获得的块茎,品相较差、畸形率为100%;但在栽植密度相差悬殊的情况下(传统150000株/hm^(2),浅生槽17850株/hm^(2)),单株薯重显著增加,是对照的6.17~7.84倍,理论产量无显著差异;主块茎正常和畸形部位中支链淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量及主块茎正常部位直链淀粉、酚类物质和类黄酮含量均无显著差异,其畸形部位酚类物质和类黄酮含量显著增高,且正常和畸形部位尿囊素含量均显著增加,是对照的4.09~4.75倍;两种浅生槽定向栽培方式中,只有机器开沟浅生槽定向栽培的块茎可溶性糖含量明显增加,其他样品间无显著差异。结论:浅生槽定向栽培虽然会造成铁棍山药块茎畸形,但可保持其产量和营养成分,且显著提高畸形部位的有效成分含量。因此浅生槽定向栽培可作为提升“道地性”药材铁棍山药药用价值的高效栽培方式。
Objective:To find an efficient cultivation way of Dioscorea opposita,so as to enhance its medicinal value.Methods:Field experiments were conducted in randomized plots to study the effects of shallow trough cultivation(machine trenching and Luoyang shovel trenching)on character,yield,nutrients(amylose,amylopectin,soluble sugar and soluble protein)and active components(flavonoids,phenols,allantoin)in Dioscorea opposita.Results:Compared with the traditional cultivation,the tubers obtained under the two shallow trough directional cultivation methods had poor quality and the malformation rate was 100%.However,under the different planting den-sity(traditional 150000 plants/hm^(2),shallow trough 17850 plants/hm^(2)),the weight per plant increased significantly,which was 6.17 to 7.84 times of the control,the theoretical yield had no significant differences.There were no significant differences in the contents of amylopectin,soluble protein in maintuber normal and malformed parts and the contents of amylose,phenols and flavonoids in main tuber normal part.The contents of phenols and flavonoids in malformed parts were significantly increased,and allantoin content in main tuber normal and malformed parts were significantly increased,which was 4.09 to 4.75 times of that in control.The content of soluble sugar in tuber increased significantly in the directional cultivation of shallow trough with machine grooving,but there was no significant difference between other samples.Conclusion:Although shallow trough directional cultivation can cause deformities of tuber,it can maintain its yield and nutrients,and significantly increase the content of effective components in malformed parts.Therefore,shallow trough direc-tional cultivation can be used as an efficient cultivation way to enhance the medicinal value of authentic″medicinal materials Dioscorea opposita.
作者
王云鹏
王添乐
路翠红
耿志先
王立
李明军
赵喜亭
WANG Yun-peng;WANG Tian-le;LU Cui-hong;GENG Zhi-xian;WANG Li;LI Ming-jun;ZHAO Xi-ting(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;Wenxian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiaozuo 454150,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《中药材》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期1337-1341,共5页
Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials
基金
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A210021)。
关键词
铁棍山药
浅生槽定向栽培
品相
产量
有效成分
Dioscorea opposita Thunb.cv.Tiegun
Shallow trough directional cultivation
Quality
Yield
Active constituents
