摘要
新型举国体制下核心领域科研攻关要求科学家将前沿科学发现转化为现实生产力。科学家主导创业活动是实现上述目标的有效途径之一,然而从学院派到企业家的身份转变成为科学创业的直接挑战。基于机会—资源一体化框架,从行动者视角探究科学家主导的创业模式。通过龙芯中科和中科纳新的双案例研究发现:首先,创业机会是科学创业的先决条件,根据创业机会涌现方式差异可将科学家创业划分为机会发现驱动模式和机会创造驱动模式。其次,两种科学家创业模式的机会—资源一体化机制存在显著差异,机会发现驱动模式强调发现科学创业机会,由外部机会—资源一体化推动内部机会—资源一体化;机会创造驱动模式强调创造科学创业机会,由内部机会—资源一体化驱动外部机会—资源一体化。最后,外部环境要素和企业内部要素影响科学家创业模式选择。研究结论可为新型举国体制下科学家为国创业提供实践启示。
Breakthroughs in key and core technologies under the new-type system of national mobilization require scientists not only to make scientific and technological achievements but also to promote the implementation of scientific and technological achievements in industries and transform them into productivity.Therefore,there is an urgent need to set up science-based innovation and entrepreneurship models to promote scientific breakthroughs in the field of cutting-edge technology;and scientists need to devote themselves to science-based innovation and entrepreneurship,for the enterprises they build could promote industrial evolution,transform scientific achievements into scientific innovation products,and clear science and technology bottlenecks.However,the separation between scientific entrepreneurship opportunities and resources makes scientists′entrepreneurship vulnerable to failure.In the case of a high failure rate of transformation of scientific achievements,a model with focus on the innovation paradigm based on science has emerged.The research on scientists'entrepreneurship is still at the stage of theoretical conception,and there is no detailed analysis of this phenomenon.The question of what actions scientists should take in the process of entrepreneurship to transform scientific discoveries into commercial achievements has not been well answered.In this study,the scientific and technological enterprises founded by two scientists and successfully transformed are selected as research cases.The qualitative data such as interviews,news and enterprise annual reports related to the transformation and entrepreneurship processes of the scientists is collected and coded to extract relevant concepts,clarify their logical relationship,sort out the specific actions of the two entrepreneurs in the commercialization of scientific achievements,and build the entrepreneurial process model of two enterprise cases with the action as the clue.Through the method of comparative analysis of two cases,based on the framework of op
作者
赵晨
王戈菲
周锦来
Zhao Chen;Wang Gefei;Zhou Jinlai(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)
出处
《科技进步与对策》
北大核心
2024年第6期52-62,共11页
Science & Technology Progress and Policy
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA037)。
关键词
新型举国体制
科学家创业
机会—资源一体化
行动者视角
New System of National Mobilization
Scientists Entrepreneurship
Opportunity-resource Integration
Actor Perspective
