摘要
【目的】针对黄淮海平原传统施氮技术下,小麦-玉米两熟体系作物生育后期土壤氮肥供应不足导致籽粒减产等问题,探讨氮肥减量后移对植株光合特性、干物质积累及周年籽粒产量和经济效益的影响,为进一步优化施氮制度提供理论依据。【方法】2020—2023年,于山东济阳典型麦-玉两熟种植区,设置周年施氮400 kg·hm^(-2)传统农户处理(CK,小麦季200 kg·hm^(-2):65%基肥+35%返青肥,玉米季200 kg·hm^(-2):100%基肥)、周年减氮10%(SN,小麦季180 kg·hm^(-2):50%基肥+50%返青肥,玉米季180 kg·hm^(-2):100%基肥)、周年减氮20%(NH,小麦季180 kg·hm^(-2):22.2%基肥+33.3%返青肥+44.5%抽穗肥,玉米季140 kg·hm^(-2):28.6%基肥+71.4%大喇叭口肥)和周年减氮30%(NL,小麦季140 kg·hm^(-2):43%返青肥+57%抽穗肥,玉米季140 kg·hm^(-2):100%大喇叭口肥)4种施氮制度,研究不同施氮制度下麦-玉两熟体系的光合特性、籽粒产量和经济效益。【结果】氮肥后移优化了氮肥减量条件下作物光合特性,其中,叶面积指数3年均值,小麦拔节和开花期NL较CK、SN和NH处理分别显著提高19.0%—40.1%和21.6%—36.7%,夏玉米吐丝期NL较CK和SN处理显著提高6.8%—7.3%;叶片SPAD值3年均值,冬小麦拔节和开花期NL较CK、SN处理分别显著提高7.7%—10.0%和7.4%—12.9%,灌浆中期NL较CK、SN和NH处理显著提高5.2%—16.2%;夏玉米大喇叭口期NL和NH较CK、SN处理3年均值分别显著提高9.0%—9.4%和6.7%—7.1%,吐丝和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN和NH分别显著提高5.1%—9.4%和4.1%—9.2%;净光合速率3年均值,小麦拔节、开花和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN处理分别提高8.9%—13.3%、14.0%—18.1%和20.1%—24.4%;夏玉米大喇叭口、吐丝和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN处理分别提高4.2%—5.7%、8.7%—13.4%和7.7%—12.8%。NL处理通过增加氮肥后移量,改善了各生育阶段地上部干物质积累强度,稳定或提高了各生育时期地上部干物质积累量,冬小麦拔节、�
【Objective】Under the traditional nitrogen(N)fertilizer application technology in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,insufficient soil N supply in the late growth stages of the wheat-maize double cropping system has resulted in significant yield reduction issues.In this study,the effects of N fertilizer reduction and postponing on plant photosynthetic physiological characteristics,aboveground dry matter accumulation,annual grain yield,and economic benefits were investigated,in order to provide the theoretical basis for further optimization of N fertilizer management.【Method】From 2020 to 2023,the field experiment was conducted in the typical wheat-maize double cropping system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.The following treatments are set up in the experiment:annual N fertilizer application 400 kg·hm^(-2)of traditional farmer treatment(CK,wheat season 200 kg·hm^(-2):65%basal fertilizer+35%regreening fertilizer,maize season 200 kg·hm^(-2):100%basal fertilizer),10%reduction of annual N fertilizer(SN,wheat season 180 kg·hm^(-2):50%basal fertilizer+50%regreening fertilizer,maize season 180 kg·hm^(-2):100%basal fertilizer),20%reduction of annual N fertilizer(NH,wheat season 180 kg·hm^(-2):22.2%basal fertilizer+33.3%regreening fertilizer+44.5%heading fertilizer,maize season 140 kg·hm^(-2):28.6%basal fertilizer+71.4%pre-tasseling fertilizer),and 30%reduction of annual N fertilizer(NL,wheat season 140 kg·hm^(-2):43%regreening fertilizer+57%heading fertilizer,maize season 140 kg·hm^(-2):100%pre-tasseling fertilizer).The photosynthetic physiological characteristic,grain yield,and economic benefits of the wheat-maize double cropping system were tested.【Result】Under the condition of N reduction,the photosynthetic physiological characteristic of crops were optimized by N fertilizer postponing.Averaged across the three years,NL significantly increased leaf area index by 19.0%-40.1%and 21.6%-36.7%at jointing and anthesis of winter wheat,respectively,compared with CK,SN,and NH treatments.Meanwhile,NL was 6.8%-7.3%higher at silking
作者
赵凯男
丁豪
刘阿康
姜宗昊
陈广周
冯波
王宗帅
李华伟
司纪升
张宾
毕香君
李勇
李升东
王法宏
ZHAO KaiNan;DING Hao;LIU AKang;JIANG ZongHao;CHEN GuangZhou;FENG Bo;WANG ZongShuai;LI HuaWei;SI JiSheng;ZHANG Bin;BI XiangJun;LI Yong;LI ShengDong;WANG FaHong(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Grain Crop Technology Division,Beijing 100125;Shandong Seed Administration Station,Jinan 250100;College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期868-884,共17页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-22)。
关键词
周年减氮
氮肥后移
麦-玉两熟制
籽粒产量
经济效益
光合特性
annual N fertilizer reduction
N fertilizer postponing
wheat-maize double cropping system
grain yield
economic return
photosynthetic physiological characteristics
